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普鲁士三级选举制度

三级选举制度(德语:Dreiklassenwahlrecht)是普鲁士王国于1848年至1918年间使用的间接选举系统,在德国的其他邦采用时间较短。该制度将选民分为三级,即纳税最多的人构成第一级,纳税最少的人构成第三级,每一级的税收总额相等。每级的选民分别选举三分之一的选举人(Wahlmänner),而选举人来选举代表。这是按经济收入而不是地理区域或人口种族对选举进行分配的一种制度。因为贫富差距,前两级的人数远远少于第三级。如在1849年,第一等级的人口占比4.7%,第二等级为12.7%,第三等级为82.6%,这意味着第一等级的个体对选举结果的影响是第三等级个体的17.5倍。

普鲁士各省按税收部门划分的每个合格选民的平均税收收入(以金马克表示,1898年)[1]
省份 一级 二级 三级 总计
东普鲁士省 485 139 15 42
西普鲁士省 559 147 17 48
柏林 2,739 445 44 124
勃兰登堡省 635 168 21 56
波美拉尼亚省 608 147 16 46
波森省 395 83 11 32
西里西亚省 546 113 15 45
萨克森省 724 181 21 59
石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因省 654 208 23 63
汉诺威省 469 149 18 49
威斯特法伦省 662 146 22 59
黑森-拿骚省 589 163 27 72
莱茵省 733 170 24 67
霍亨索伦省 61 24 6 14
总计 671 165 21 59

参考资料

  1. ^ Ritter, Gerhard A. Wahlgeschichtliches Arbeitsbuch: Materialien zur Statistik des Kaiserreichs 1871–1918 [Electoral History Workbook: Materials on Statistics of the German Empire 1871–1918]. Munich: Verlag C. H. Beck. 1980. ISBN 3-406-07610-6 (德语). 
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普鲁士三级选举制度
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