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日本人民解放联盟

日本人民解放联盟第二次世界大战中国抗日战争期间在中国共产党革命根据地活动的日本抵抗组织[1],该组织于1944年在延安成立,由自愿向中共投降的日本兵组成。[2]该组织设有20多个支部[3],并拥有自己的旗帜。[4]

概要

1944年,在野坂参三的建议下,日本人民解放联盟在延安成立[2],该组织成员主要由向中国共产党投降的日本人和反法西斯的难民组成[5]。未来的中共领导人如毛泽东朱德、野坂(化名冈野进)也参加了解放同盟成立大会。朱德将解放同盟的成立称为中日新关系的起点,并表示,当解放同盟的斗争导致日本建立“人民政府”时,中日两国将成为“真正的友好和友好的国家”。[6]

日本战俘在面临选择时,可选择留在边境地区或返回前线。对于选择留下的人,他们将受邀加入解放联盟[7]。对于那些选择返回的人则举行欢送会,提供旅费和导游。在战争一开始到1944年中期,中国共产党俘虏了3,000多名逃兵或俘虏,其中只有大约325人选择留在八路军[8]解放同盟的三点纲领是“反对战争、推翻军国主义、在战后日本建立属于民主的人民政府”。该同盟的目的主要是影响日本战后发展的特征。解放联盟开放包括共产主义者、非共产主义者和反共主义者参与。加入的要求包括“同意主张结束战争、推翻军国主义、建立民主日本”,以及“改善农民、工业工人和小商人的状况”[2]。他们加入解放联盟后,并未被称为囚犯[9]。据报导,到了1944年7月12日,一些团员已在八路军中担任心理战参谋和日本战法教官[10]

解放联盟并不渴望成为未来政府,而只是希望成为那些反对军人阶级野心的日本人的机关报。该同盟的口号不要求推翻天皇,也不攻击三井三菱,而是要求立即停止战争,从包括满洲国在内的所有占领区撤军,建立民主政府。对于盟军对日本的占领,联盟希望日本人民首先消灭军国主义,使其变得不必要,但如果人民无法独立完成这项工作,则联盟会赞成它[10]

随着在日军、沦陷区中国居民、以及日本反军国主义团体中的影响力逐渐扩大。冈野指出,同盟的政策主张透过集中所有反对军国主义的宣传,以此来瓦解日本的统治阶级。而非透过过早煽动反对天皇,因为当军国主义从内外被击败时,天皇容易成为攻击的对象。除此之外,国联和日本共产党的唯一目标是民主,因为日本的共产主义革命时机尚未成熟。尽管遭到镇压,解放同盟的意志力仍然坚定。[11]约翰·K·埃默森英语John K. Emmerson则指出,解放联盟所宣称的原则是民主的,并且它并不等同于共产党。然而,美国众议院外交事务委员会却将解放联盟归类为共产主义组织[8]

1944年12月18日,《生活》杂志发表了一篇题为《走进红色中国,泰迪·怀特讲述共产党人抵抗无情日本人的故事,来自遥远、难以到达的延安》的文章报道,报导称日本解放同盟拥有超过300名活跃成员[12] 。约翰‧艾默森在1944年11月7日的报告中提到,解放同盟在中国北部和中部约有450名日本囚犯[8]

据称,日军派出六名刺客进入延安地区毒害冈野并扰乱解放同盟的活动[2]。这六名日本人民解放联盟成员被指控受到日本特务部门的委托,试图向八路军“投降”,以从内部摧毁解放同盟[10]

另见

参考资料

  1. ^ United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Institute of Pacific Relations. pt 7. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off. 1951: 2450–2474. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Roth, Andrew (1945). Dilemma in Japan. Little, Brown. pp. 162-188
  3. ^ Jap Communists Will Be Powerful Influence. Tribune. October 26, 1945 [2024-01-12]. (原始内容存档于2023-11-30). 
  4. ^ Yanan (China), banners for school and Japanese People's Emancipation League. University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee. 1944 [2024-01-12]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-04). 
  5. ^ Jap Anti-War Leager Sees Hope. Tribune. June 14, 1945 [2024-01-12]. (原始内容存档于2023-12-01). 
  6. ^ Xiaoyuan Liu. A Partnership for Disorder: China, the United States, and Their Policies for the Postwar Disposition of the Japanese Empire, 1941-1945. Cambridge University Press. 1956: July 25, 2002. 
  7. ^ Communism a Misnomer in China, Says Forman. The Milwaukee Journal. March 11, 1945 [2024-01-12]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-05). 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 8.2 United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Scope of Soviet activity in the United States.. Parts 50-54. United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. 1956: 3502–3505. 
  9. ^ Oral History Interview with John S. Service. Harry S. Truman Library and Museum. [2024-01-12]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-05). 
  10. ^ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Visit To Eight Route Army. The Sydney Morning Herald. July 12, 1944 [2024-01-12]. (原始内容存档于2024-01-08). 
  11. ^ Trouble Grows in Japan. Army News. 8 August 1944. 
  12. ^ Life December 18, 1944

书籍

  • United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Institute of Pacific Relations pt 7. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off. 1951: 2450–2474. 
  • United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Scope of Soviet activity in the United States. Parts 50-54. United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. 1956: 3502–3505. 
  • 日美民主委员会英语Japanese American Committee for Democracy. Japanese People's Emancipation League: Its Program and Activities: A Japanese People's Movement for a Democratic Japan. 1945.
  • Xiaoyuan Liu. A Partnership for Disorder: China, the United States, and Their Policies for the Postwar Disposition of the Japanese Empire, 1941-1945. Cambridge University Press. 1956: July 25, 2002. 
  • Israel Epstein. My China Eye: Memoirs of a Jew and a Journalist. 2005. 
  • Ariyoshi, Koji. From Kona to Yenan: The Political Memoirs of Koji Ariyoshi. University of Hawaii Press. 2000. 
  • 艾格尼丝·史沫特莱. Great Road. NYU Press. 1972: 388. 

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日本人民解放联盟
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