For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for 施万细胞.

施万细胞

施万细胞
Schwann cell
周围神经系统具有卫星细胞及施万细胞
标识字符
MeSHD012583
FMAFMA:62121
神经解剖学术语英语Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy

施万细胞(Schwann cell)、神经膜细胞(neurolemmocyte[1],neurilemma cell[2]),是构成周围神经系统的主要细胞,并参与多种重要的周围神经生物学功能:传导神经冲动,参与神经的生长和再生,营养神经元,生产神经细胞外介质,调节运动神经活性以及介导抗原。[3] 施万细胞以德国科学家、现代细胞学创始人之一的泰奥多尔·施万名字命名[4]

结构

[编辑]
施万细胞包裹神经元轴突的位置
典型神经元的结构

施万细胞使神经纤维分为有髓鞘和无髓鞘(myelinating and nonmyelinating)的神经纤维,有髓鞘许旺细胞包裹轴突形成髓鞘。神经鞘并不连续,单个有髓鞘型许旺细胞覆盖100微米至1米不等的神经轴,两个许旺细胞之间的神经轴称为兰氏结(nodes of Ranvier)。脊椎动物神经轴传导依靠神经鞘隔离并降低细胞膜的干扰。许旺细胞从胚胎时期就开始盘绕在神经轴上形成髓鞘,有时可以盘绕达100圈。高分化的许旺细胞形状像卷起的纸一样,每圈内夹着髓磷脂(myelin)。

从2001年起,移植许旺细胞治疗神经损伤及诱导神经鞘再生成为研究热点,不少研究都得出了正面结果。许旺细胞在神经再生方面具有重要作用,许多外周神经鞘由许旺细胞组成。神经损伤时,许旺细胞还具有吞噬作用。同时,许旺细胞构建神经再生通道帮助神经修复。损伤的神经轴通过芽生(sprout)穿过许旺细胞构建的通道到达目标器官或组织。神经生长速度约为1mm/天,当然错误经常发生,尤其是在距离较远时。但是如果缺乏许旺细胞与神经轴的连接,神经轴就会死亡,神经修复也不会发生。因此许旺细胞对周围神经修复,再生具有重要作用,并且不可或缺。

许旺细胞免疫原性

[编辑]

施万细胞具有吞噬能力,可清除细胞残渣,提供神经元重生的空间。

注释

[编辑]
  1. ^ Krieger P A. A Visual Analogy Guide to Human Physiology[M]. Morton Publishing Company, 2020. p.88
  2. ^ Mcmillan D, Harris R J. An atlas of comparative vertebrate histology[M]. Academic Press, 2018. p. 143-147
  3. ^ Topilko, Piotr; Schneider-Maunoury, Sylvie; Levi, Giovanni; Baron-Van Evercooren, Anne; Chennoufi, Amina Ben Younes; Seitanidou, Tania; Babinet, Charles; Charnay, Patrick. Krox-20 controls myelination in the peripheral nervous system. Nature. 1994-10-27, 371 (6500): 796–799 [2016-05-18]. doi:10.1038/371796a0. (原始内容存档于2017-03-27) (英语). 
  4. ^ Theodor Schwann - Scientist of the Day. Linda Hall Library. 2016-12-07 [2021-02-21] (美国英语). 

参考文献

[编辑]

外部链接

[编辑]
{{bottomLinkPreText}} {{bottomLinkText}}
施万细胞
Listen to this article

This browser is not supported by Wikiwand :(
Wikiwand requires a browser with modern capabilities in order to provide you with the best reading experience.
Please download and use one of the following browsers:

This article was just edited, click to reload
This article has been deleted on Wikipedia (Why?)

Back to homepage

Please click Add in the dialog above
Please click Allow in the top-left corner,
then click Install Now in the dialog
Please click Open in the download dialog,
then click Install
Please click the "Downloads" icon in the Safari toolbar, open the first download in the list,
then click Install
{{::$root.activation.text}}

Install Wikiwand

Install on Chrome Install on Firefox
Don't forget to rate us

Tell your friends about Wikiwand!

Gmail Facebook Twitter Link

Enjoying Wikiwand?

Tell your friends and spread the love:
Share on Gmail Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Buffer

Our magic isn't perfect

You can help our automatic cover photo selection by reporting an unsuitable photo.

This photo is visually disturbing This photo is not a good choice

Thank you for helping!


Your input will affect cover photo selection, along with input from other users.

X

Get ready for Wikiwand 2.0 🎉! the new version arrives on September 1st! Don't want to wait?