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读史方舆纪要.
《读史方舆纪要》原名《二十一史方舆纪要》,是中国清代人顾祖禹撰于顺治、康熙年间的一本历史地理著作。全书共一百三十卷,历时二十年成书,附《舆地要览》4卷。
顺治十六年(1659年),顾祖禹开始著述,以二十一史为基本文献,结合方志,旁及稗官野史,康熙十三年(1674年),投靠耿精忠,却没有被接受,只得返回故里继续著作,康熙年间应徐乾学之聘,参与《大清一统志》的编修,此期间利用工作之便,遍阅徐家藏书,为《读史方舆纪要》的修撰累积大量的资料。康熙三十一年(1692年)终于完成此书。
《读史方舆纪要》前九卷记述历代王朝的盛衰兴亡,内容包括历代州域,中间的一百十四卷,专记明代两京十三布政使司及所属府州县的疆域、沿革等,包括河渠、食货、屯田、马政、盐铁等,并记载其地发生的历史事件。如卷六十六称四川省:“志称蜀川土沃民殷,货贝充溢,自秦汉以来,迄于南宋,赋税皆为天下最。”还有“川渎异同”六卷,专叙禹贡山川。最后有《分野》一卷。另附《舆图要览》四卷,有两京十三布政使司、九边、黄河、海运、漕运及朝鲜、安南等图,“以显书之脉络”。此书集明代以前历史地理学之大成,对于山川、道里、关津无不注意察看,有浓厚的历史军事地理学特色,“盖将以为民族光复之用”[1]。张之洞认为“此书专为兵事而作,意不在地理考证。”[2]《读史方舆纪要》被誉为“海内奇书”,梅文鼎的《历算全书》、顾祖禹《读史方舆纪要》、李清《南北史合抄》,被称为三大奇书[3]。本书亦有错误,例如福建南平市,元代为南剑路,《纪要》误作南建路。有嘉庆十七年(1812)龙氏刻本。日人青山定男编辑《读史方舆纪要索引·支那历代地名要览》一书。
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