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新部落主义.
新部落主义,或称现代部落主义,是一个社会学的概念,它假定:当代人类已发展成部落式的社会、而非大规模式的社会,也因此人类的社会网络将形成独特的“部落”。
社会学理论
法国社会学家米歇尔·马费索利是第一个在学术领域中提出新部落主义的学者[1]。马费索利预测,当文化和现代主义的机构逐渐衰退,社会将接纳怀旧之情,并在过去中寻找组织原则。因此,后现代时期正是新部落主义的时期[1]。
其他像是美国政治科学家罗伯特·普特南的著作、一份在2006年于美国社会学评论由McPherson, Smith-Lovin和Brasiers所提出的研究,多多少少支持着一种较温和的新部落主义论述。资料中指出,由于更频繁的跨国人才移动、更长的通勤时间、和在媒体中缺乏对友谊和社群情感的强调,现代文明的社会结构已呈现一个普遍性的崩溃。
马费索利的新部落主义亦被运用在社会学的身份认同理论中,例如Kevin Hetherington便援引马费索利的新部落主义,提出一个强调情感和集体的当代社会里的认同现象[2]。
参考资料
- ^ 1.0 1.1 Maffesoli, Michel (1996). The Time of the Tribes: The Decline of Individualism in Mass Society. London: Sage.
- ^ Kevin Hetherington (1998) Expressions of Identity: Space, Performance, Politics London, Thousand Oaks Ca., New Delhi: Sage/Theory, Culture and Society.
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