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新西兰鸫鹟

新西兰鸫鹟

绝灭(1963年) IUCN 3.1[1]
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 鸟纲 Aves
目: 雀形目 Passeriformes
科: 黄鹂科 Oriolidae
属: 鸫鹟属 Turnagra
种:
新西兰鸫鹟 T. capensis
二名法
Turnagra capensis
(Sparrman,1787)
亚种
  • T. c. capensis
  • T. c. minor

新西兰鸫鹟Turnagra capensis)是新西兰的一种

科学分类

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新西兰鸫鹟已知有两个亚种,包括南岛指名的T. c. capensis,及斯蒂芬岛较细小的T. c. minor[2][3]有指T. c. minor是在岛内独自演化的亚种,但牠们适于飞行及斯蒂芬岛与大陆相近的距离,令人很难相信此说法。不过,于1894年斯蒂芬岛上就有过百只鸟类[4],而T. c. minor似乎并不怎么活跃,很少在岸边出没。

一直以来,新西兰鸫鹟都被认为与北岛北岛鸫鹟英语Turnagra tanagraTurnagra tanagra)是同一物种,但后来确实牠们是不同的物种。[5]

特征

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新西兰鸫鹟的体型中等,主要呈橄榄褐色,翼上及尾巴呈红褐色,胸部有斑点。[6]牠们是新西兰其中一种悦耳的鸣禽。牠们是杂食性的,相对地不怕人类

灭绝

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新西兰鸫鹟在新西兰南岛曾经很普遍,直至1863年牠们就开始衰落。到了1880年代,牠们的数量大幅下降,主要原因是受到大家鼠的掠食,并受到栖息地破坏的影响。1888年牠们在新西兰已很稀有,1905年已接近灭绝。另外,亦有多次未确认的观察报告。[7][8]

新西兰鸫鹟的斯蒂芬岛亚种T. c. minor亦于1897年灭绝,同样是受到野猫的掠食所致。最后的标本是于1897年采集的,到了1898年就已没有再见到牠们。[4]现时只有12个标本,分别存放在德累斯顿国家博物馆、伦敦自然历史博物馆利物浦世界博物馆多伦多的安大略省皇家博物馆、匹兹堡的卡内基博物馆及不莱梅的海外博物馆。

参考

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  1. ^ BirdLife International. Turnagra capensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2004. [11 May 2006]. 
  2. ^ Medway, David G. Taxonomic status of the Stephens Island piopio (Turnagra capensis) (PDF). Notornis. 2004b, 51 (4): 231–232. [永久失效链接]
  3. ^ Fleming, J. H. A new Turnagra from Stephens' Island, New Zealand. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 1915, 28: 121–124. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Medway, David G. The land bird fauna of Stephens Island, New Zealand in the early 1890s, and the cause of its demise (PDF). Notornis. 2004a, 51 (4): 201–211. [永久失效链接]
  5. ^ Olson, Storrs L.; Parkes, K. C.; Clench, M. H. & Borecky, S. R. The affinities of the New Zealand passerine genus Turnagra (PDF). Notornis. 1983, 30 (4): 319–336. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2007-10-24). 
  6. ^ Sparrman, Anders. Description of Turnagra capensis. Museum Carlsonianum, in quo novas et selectas aves, coloribus ad vivum brevique descriptiones illustratas. 1787, 2 (45): plate 45. 
  7. ^ Allison, J. V.; et al. Classified summarised notes (PDF). New Zealand Bird Notes. 1949, 3 (4): 88–106. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2008-10-18). 
  8. ^ Dunckley, J. V. & Todd, E. M. Birds West of Waiau River (PDF). New Zealand Bird Notes. 1949, 3 (6): 163–164. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2008-10-18). 

外部链接

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新西兰鸫鹟
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