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新表现主义

凯文·拉米的《芝加哥海滩》(Chicago Beach,2005)
彼得·安格曼(Peter Angermann)的《曲率》(Curvature,1984)

新表现主义(英语:Neo-expressionism)是1970年代末至1980年代中期,在美国、意大利、德国等地流行的具象绘画风格总称。它的最大特征,是以粗糙纹路传达强烈情感的具象表现,扭曲的形态和粗犷的笔触,令人联想到德国表现主义和抽象表现主义,因此得名。

不过,这种风格的名称随着国家和地区而有所不同,英国称为新绘画派(new painting),意大利称为意大利超前卫艺术(transavangurdia),法国称为自由具象派(figuration libre),美国称为坏画(bad painting)或新意象画(new image painting),不过,国际间广泛使用德国的“新表现主义”称之。它在德国还称为新野兽主义(new wilde)。

新表现主义的代表艺术家,德国有乔治·巴塞利兹、安森·基弗、约尔克·印门朵夫、潘可;意大利有弗朗切斯科·克莱门特、恩左·古基、山多拉·齐亚;英国有克里斯多佛·勒布伦等;法国有罗伯特孔巴斯等人;美国有朱利安·许纳贝等人。这些艺术家的作品具有某种共通性,但并非是在风格上有显而易见的统一感。

这股潮流会同时在各地兴起,最大的原因在于对低限艺术、观念艺术的反弹。许多年轻艺术家厌恶它们近似支配性的禁欲、自制性格,企图恢复神话性、原始性、历史性、情爱、国家等传统主题。于是,除了强烈倾向诉诸激烈直接的具象表现外、表现媒体都选择绘画和雕刻,而且作品都偏大型化。特别是,这股潮流在德国之所以具有极大影响力,也是因为德国原本就有浓厚的表现主义传统,再加上在纳粹政权下,许多杰出作品被污名化称之为颓废艺术,且在二次世界大战后,受到长期的文化压抑。

参考来源

  • 暮泽刚巳. 當代藝術關鍵詞100. 台北: 城邦文化出版社. 2015: 64–65. 
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新表现主义
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