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文化圈

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文化圈(德语:Kulturkreis)是一个与文化相关的地域名词,多侧重“历史发展”与“地域统合”。

与“文化区”的分别

“文化圈”的概念与另一个类似的概念“文化区”的意思并不尽相同。一般而言,“文化圈”概念着重“历史发展”与“地域统合”,而“文化区”较著重地理概念[1]

概念的由来

德国民族学家莱奥·弗洛贝纽斯是最早提出“文化圈”(Kulurkreis, Culture Circles)的概念之学者,同是德国人的弗里茨·格雷布内尔(Fritz Graebner,1877-1934)对“文化圈”做了系统的从理论到方法的论述。简单地说,所谓“文化圈”,就是根据一定数量的特定的文化特质(5到20个)对文化所进行的圈层划分。格雷布内尔把澳大利亚和大洋洲地区分为6至8个独立的文化圈,分别是:(1)塔斯马尼亚文化圈,(2)古澳洲文化圈,(3)图腾文化圈,(4)东巴布亚文化圈,(5)美拉尼西亚文化圈,(6)原始波利尼西亚文化圈,(7)新波利尼西亚文化圈,(8)印度尼西亚文化圈。[2]

参考资料

参见

注释

  1. ^ 可参考“文化区”与文化圈的分别
  2. ^ 夏建中,《文化人类学理论学派》,中国人民大学出版社,1997年,第56、57、58页。
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