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敬姜.
敬姜,春秋时期鲁国人,公父穆伯之夫人,公父文伯的母亲[1]。
季康子问敬姜有什么话教导他,敬姜说了她的婆婆(季悼子之妻、季康子的曾祖母)的话:“君子能劳,后世有继”。子夏听说后,肯定了他。公父文伯请南宫敬叔饮酒,以露睹父作为主客。露睹父嫌鳖小,离席出门。敬姜很生气,让公父文伯五天不能回家。敬姜到季氏家,季康子在朝堂对他说话,敬姜不答应。季康子到内室见敬姜,询问原因,敬姜讲出内朝与外朝之别。公父文伯退朝回家,看到母亲正在织布。说怕季氏知道,责怪自己不能事奉母亲。敬姜说“夫民劳则思,思则善心生;逸则淫,淫则忘善,忘善则恶心生”。古代先王让民众耕种贫瘠的土地,就是让百姓不要安逸,要勤劳。不仅百姓从天子到大夫、士都要兢兢业业,从王后到士的妻子都要勤劳。敬姜在季氏家族和季康子的互动,被孔子评价符合男女有别之礼。敬姜为儿子物色妻子,招请宗老,吟诵《绿衣》第三章,师亥认为合礼。公父文伯去世后,敬姜让他的妾室不要过度悲伤,以显示其子并非好内。敬姜早上哭哭穆伯,晚上哭文伯。孔子称赞她知礼。爱而无私,上下有章[2]。
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