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敖包

内蒙古的敖包

敖包蒙古语ᠣᠪᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ鲍培转写oboγa西里尔字母овоо),是蒙古语音译,也译为脑包鄂博,意思是石头堆,是用石头堆积的蒙古族人祭祀建筑。祭拜来自萨满教传统,被黄教吸收。

蒙古草原上,很多地方没有山丘、河流、树林之类的地标,到处都是草原,鄂博最初的作用,就是防止牧民迷路,让放羊的人们找到回家的路。后来鄂博常被用作路标或界标[1]。最后演变为地方祭祀、敬神、祈雨、重要民俗活动的地点,著名歌曲《敖包相会》、包头附近的矿区白云鄂博等皆源于此。

祭敖包

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祭敖包(达斡尔族沃其贝)
中华人民共和国
国家级非物质文化遗产
申报地区或单位内蒙古自治区锡林郭勒盟新疆维吾尔自治区塔城市
分类民俗
序号488
编号项目X-40

祭敖包或敖包祭祀,至今仍是蒙古族重要的民俗活动。在阿拉善盟的蒙古族穆斯林虽信仰伊斯兰教,却仍保留类似于祭敖包的习俗,用以祈雨

一般多在6、7、8月,此时水草丰美、牛羊肥壮。祭祀时,敖包上插上树枝,挂上五颜六色的布条或纸旗,旗上写有经文。可分为血祭、酒祭、火祭、玉祭等4种。血祭是指宰杀牛、羊、马等牲畜,供奉在敖包前面;酒祭是指将鲜奶、奶酒、奶油和白酒等,一滴滴洒在敖包前面,以希望风调雨顺,幸福平安;火祭是指在敖包前烧一大堆干柴火或羊粪块,各家各户纷纷走近火边,念着自家的姓氏,供上祭品,把肉丸子投向 火里燃烧,越烧得旺越好;玉祭是指将玉器作为供品,只有王公贵族才用得上,因此现已不存。

其他民族

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中国云南省丽江纳西族东巴文化嘛呢堆

藏族的叫玛尼堆裕固族的也有。

参见

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  • 垒石坛

参考文献

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  1. ^ 【鄂博】的意思是什么?. 汉语大词典. [2017-11-15]. (原始内容存档于2017-11-16). 
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敖包
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