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质子 (东亚政治)

质子,即政治人质。在中国春秋战国时代,诸侯国之间为了互相取信,会互相交换人质,称为质子。可以是任何贵族,但为了取信于对方,通常是君主的儿子作为质子而质押于他国,秦异人就是一例子。除了以平等方式互相交换人质外,亦有当弱国有求于强国诸侯时,就出现单方面送出质子的情况。

中央强权亦出于控制地方势力的需要,会任命地方首领的亲人为京官,称任子,美言为入侍。任子表面上是一种荣耀,但实质上却是朝廷控制的质子,中央能以质子的安全影响地方首领的决定。

当两方势力出现矛盾的时候,质子的安全是没有保证的,如秦异人即被质于秦国之大敌赵国,使双方获取政治平衡。亦有不质嫡长子的做法,避免权力继承出现问题。

蒙古帝国时期,蒙古大汗让诸侯将校的子弟来大汗帐下充当人质(名义上充当宿卫),称为秃鲁花(turqaq)。这些子弟编为一个军,称为秃鲁花军。[1]

而以诸侯之子为质子的行为在日本亦有出现,如日本战国大名德川家康少时,就曾去今川义元府上成为人质。

著名质子

参见

资料来源

  1. ^ 《元史·兵志》:“或取诸侯将校之子弟充军,曰质子军,又曰秃鲁华军。”
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质子 (东亚政治)
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