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击鞠

明皇击鞠图

击鞠亦称打球或者击球,是东亚传统的马球,起源年代不详,但在汉魏时期开始有文字纪录,在唐代盛行,唐朝首都长安设有宽大的球场,唐玄宗唐敬宗等皇帝均喜爱之。比赛双方各为10人,游戏者必须乘坐于马上以球杆击球,以击球入门来得分。击鞠所用的球有拳头大小,球体的中间被掏空,制球的原料是一种质地轻巧且柔韧的木材,球的外面还雕有精致花纹。

唐代之后,不论是在北方的辽朝金朝,或者是南方的宋朝,击鞠活动仍然十分风行。至明代,马球仍流行,《续文献通考·乐考》记载明成祖曾数次往东苑击球。明《宣宗行乐图》长卷中绘有明宣宗赏马球之场面。

争议

关于击鞠的起源,有学者认为击鞠是在唐代波斯(今伊朗)传至吐蕃(今西藏地区),尔后才于中原地区流行的。亦有学者认为击鞠是古代中国人自创的。在中国古文献中,“击鞠”一词最早出现于曹植所著《名都篇》中。由此可以推断击鞠于东汉时期就已经出现。

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击鞠
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