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撒拉森人

15世纪晚期德国木版画上描绘的撒拉森人

撒拉森人,或译萨拉森人,系源自阿拉伯文的“东方人(شرقيين‎、sharqiyyin)”,转写成希腊文ΣαρακηνοίSarakēnoí拉丁文Saracen(撒拉坚),中文则受英语化或晚期拉丁语颚化的影响而习惯译成“撒拉森”。在西方的历史文献中,撒拉森最常用来笼统地泛称伊斯兰阿拉伯帝国

在早期的罗马帝国时代,撒拉森只用以指称西奈半岛上的阿拉伯游牧民族。后来的东罗马帝国则将这个名字,套用在所有阿拉伯民族上。伊斯兰教兴起于西亚,特别在十一世纪末期的十字军东征后,以基督教信仰为主的欧洲人,用“撒拉森”指居住在北非且以海盗为业的穆斯林[1]

实际上,历史上并不存在所谓的“撒拉森帝国”。欧洲人在七世纪以后的文献中,单方面地称穆斯林为撒拉森人。以平等中立的观点,现代人应将“撒拉森帝国”这种称呼,还原为当时当地人民所使用的名词:阿拉伯哈里发王朝倭马亚王朝阿拔斯王朝

参考

  1. ^ 盐野七生. 羅馬滅亡後的地中海世界(上). 北京: 中信. 2014年7月: 117. ISBN 9787508644981 (中文). 
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撒拉森人
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