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拟态词

拟态词是指用文字化的声音模拟事物特征的词汇。在东亚语言中有大量的拟态词;非洲语言里也有很多拟态词;但在欧洲的几种主要语言里,这种词很少,并视之为一种儿语化的修辞手法

古汉语中,“落落大方”的“落落”,“侃侃而谈”的“侃侃”,“洋洋大观”的“洋洋”都是拟态词;现代汉语里“绿油油”、“黑乎乎”、“矮墩墩”的“油油”、“乎乎”、“墩墩”也是拟态词。它们没有任何实意,只是发个音模拟事物的状态特征,字典只能解释成“形容……的样子”。

形容词作为有实意的成熟词汇,可能源于儿语式的拟态词。汉语有一个例子,“悄悄”本来是个拟态词,形容安静的样子,可是在现代汉语里的用法已经像一个独立的有实意的形容词。

日语韩语有大量的拟态词,因此成为语言学家的最重要的拟态词研究对象。

西方语言也偶尔有些拟态词。比如德语zack是一个短促响亮的音节,形容迅速的样子或赶快的样子。英语bling-bling形容闪烁的样子。

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拟态词
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