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探花

探花
汉语名称
繁体字 探花
简化字 探花
越南语名称
国语字 Thám hoa
喃字 探花
满语名称
满文 ᡩᡝᡥᡝᠯᡳ ᠰᠣᠨᠵᠣᠰᡳ
穆麟德转写deheli sonjosi

探花中国科举制度中在殿试中,取得进士第三名的名称,与第一名状元,第二名榜眼

“探花”一名在唐代的科举经已出现,当时中进士者会园游庆祝,称“探花宴”;以进士中的年少貌美者为“探花使”,到各名园采摘鲜花,迎接状元。

北宋开始,进士必须经过皇帝殿试,并且定立进士一甲只有三人。初时第一名称状元,第二、三名俱称为榜眼;意思是第二、三名分立状元左右,如其两眼。

至北宋末年,只以第二名为榜眼,第三名则称探花。[1]探花这名称跟状元、榜眼一样,其实都是社会上习惯使用。在正式发放的金榜之上,只会称进士一甲第一名,一甲第二名,一甲第三名。

注释

  1. ^ 赵翼在《陔余丛考‧状元榜眼探花》中考证:“北宋时第三人亦呼为榜眼。盖眼必有二,故第二、第三人皆谓之榜眼,其后以第三人为探花,遂专以第二人为榜眼耳。”
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探花
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