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拾遗 (官名)

拾遗,唐代言官,职掌规谏朝政缺失。

武则天垂拱元年(685年)设置拾遗,置左拾遗门下省右拾遗中书省,职掌与左右补阙相同,位从八品上。北宋改为左右正言[1]。明初建文帝又设拾遗,至成祖时废除。唐朝诗人陈子昂杜甫均曾担任拾遗的官职[2],后人称之陈拾遗、杜拾遗。

拾遗的品秩不高,仅从八品下。[3]然而这是中央官职,可能是日后高升的起点。在唐宪宗元和元年举行制举考试,任命考取最高等的元稹为左拾遗,次等的白居易为京畿附近的盩庢县尉、隔两年后他才得到左拾遗的官职。白居易写了一首《初授拾遗》表达此时的心境,也可从此看出这个官职的地位:

奉诏登左掖,束带参朝议。何言初命卑,且脱风尘吏。杜甫陈子昂,才名括天地。当时非不遇,尚无过斯位。况余蹇薄者,宠至不自意。惊近白日光,惭非青云器。天子方从谏,朝廷无忌讳。岂不思匪躬,适遇时无事。受命已旬月,饱食随班次。谏纸忽盈箱,对之终自愧。

参考文献

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引用

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  1. ^ 续资治通鉴‧宋太宗端拱元年》:“帝以补阙、拾遗多循默不修职业,二月乙未,改左、右补阙为左、右司谏,左、右拾遗为左、右正言。”
  2. ^ 白居易与元九书》:“诗人多蹇,如陈子昂杜甫各授一拾遗,而迍剥至死。”
  3. ^ 通典卷四十

来源

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  • 邓广铭:《宋史职官志考正》
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拾遗 (官名)
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