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拉丁人

铁器时代意大利半岛的各民族(罗马人扩张前夕)
现代拉丁罗曼语系在欧洲的分布

拉丁民族(拉丁语:Latinus (m.),Latina (f.),Latini (m. pl.);英语/法语:Latins)原指古代定居意大利半岛中西部拉丁姆平原(今罗马周边)的部落民族。拉丁人是一个语言群体,直到公元前8世纪才有文字。他们有共同的崇拜,例如阿尔班山上的朱庇特崇拜。拉丁人生活在乡村社区,主要是牧民社会,因为土地容易被洪水淹没。其先民为公元前1000年左右由欧洲大陆迁来的印欧人。使用印欧语系的拉丁语

现在泛指受拉丁语和罗马文化影响较深的操印欧语系拉丁语族语言的民族,如意大利人罗曼什人科西嘉人法兰西人瓦隆人西班牙人葡萄牙人加泰隆人罗马尼亚人摩尔多瓦人等。

语言

黑色青金石,已知最早的拉丁语铭文

拉丁人部落讲拉丁语(尤其是古拉丁语),本身是欧洲印欧语系的一个分支。

拉丁语现存最古老的铭文被认为是刻在1899年在罗马广场发现的青金石上,其历史可追溯到公元前600年左右它以古老的拉丁语的原始形式写成。它还证实了当时罗马国王的存在,一些历史学家认为他们是神话:铭文包含“recei”一词,这是古拉丁语中主格单数中的“国王”一词,相当于古典拉丁语中的regi,或rex。

拉丁字母对世界影响深远,首先随着罗马人的扩张传遍了欧洲,随后随着欧洲人的殖民传遍了世界。整片西欧美洲加拿大北方和原住民音节文字一起并列使用)、澳洲非洲(除北非埃塞俄比亚外)的语言,以及东欧波兰语捷克语纳瓦特语斯洛文尼亚语罗马尼亚语摩尔多瓦语匈牙利语(与古匈牙利字母并列使用),还有亚洲越南语马来语印尼语菲律宾语土耳其语和东帝汶德顿语都采用拉丁字母。

参见

参考文献

延伸阅读

  • Barker, Graeme. Landscape and Society: Prehistoric Central Italy. London: Academic Press, 1981.
  • Bietti Sestieri, Anna Maria, Ellen Macnamara, and Duncan R Hook. Prehistoric Metal Artefacts From Italy (3500-720BC)In the British Museum. London: British Museum, 2007.
  • Bradley, Guy Jolyon, Elena Isayev, and Corinna Riva. Ancient Italy: Regions without Boundaries. Exeter, UK: University of Exeter Press, 2007.
  • Brown, A. C. Ancient Italy before the Romans. Oxford: Ashmolean Museum, 1980.
  • Forsythe, Gary. A Critical History of Early Rome: From Prehistory to the First Punic War. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005.
  • Ridgway, David. Ancient Italy In Its Mediterranean Setting: Studies In Honour of Ellen Macnamara. London: Accordia Research Institute, University of London, 2000.
  • Whitehouse, Ruth. Underground Religion: Cult and Culture In Prehistoric Italy. London: Accordia Research Centre, University of London, 1992.

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拉丁人
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