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抗核抗体

抗核抗体,英文简称ANA(Anti-nuclear antibody),又称为抗核因子,英文简称ANF(Anti-nuclear factor),是一种直接与细胞核内容物相对抗的自身抗体[1],这种抗体会将体内正常组织当作外来物进行攻击。在正常人体内,自身抗体的滴度是相对较低的,然而其中5%的人群其滴度相对较高,后者中的一半则患有自体免疫性疾病[来源请求]。抗核抗体测试通过测量自身抗体的数量和类型,可了解是否患有自体免疫疾病,以及疾病的类型。

检测

通过对血清的实验室检测,可以检验出是否存在自身抗体,甚至将不同的自身抗体加以区分。通常的检测手段有下列几种:间接免疫荧光法以及酶联免疫吸附试验免疫印迹法

相关疾病

自身抗体的滴度正常值应当小于1:40,高于此则表明可能患有自体免疫性疾病,常见的有:红斑性狼疮[2][3]干燥综合征类风湿性关节炎、自体免疫性肝炎、硬皮病[4]、多发性肌炎、皮肌炎[5],以及多种存在组织破坏的非类风湿症状。除此之外,还有一些症状会与高抗核抗体滴度有关联,包括:爱迪生氏病特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)、桥本甲状腺炎、自体免疫性溶血性贫血、1型糖尿病以及混合性结缔组织病。

敏感性

下表列出了抗核抗体对多种不同疾病的敏感性,表中的数字为,在某种疾病中能检出特定抗体异常的病例百分比值。某些抗核抗体会在多种不同的疾病中出现,也就是说,其特异性比较差。

抗体类型 目标抗原 敏感性
全身性红斑狼疮 药物性红斑狼疮 硬皮病 肢端硬皮综合症 干燥综合征 炎性肌病 混合性结缔组织病
所有抗核抗体
(通过间接免疫荧光法)
各种类型 >95 >95 70-90 70-90 50-80 40-60 95[6]
抗双链DNA DNA 40-60 - - - - - -[6]
抗史密斯蛋白 小核核糖核蛋白
的核心蛋白
20-30 - - - - - -[6]
抗组蛋白 组蛋白 50-70 90[6]- 95 - - - - -[6]
抗Scl-70 1型拓朴异构酶 - - 28-70 10-18 - - -[6]
抗着丝体抗体 着丝蛋白 - - 22-26 90 - - -[6]
抗snRNP70 snRNP70 30[7]-40[6][7] -[6] 15[6] 10[6] -[6] 15[6] 90[6]
SS-A (Ro) 核糖核蛋白 30-50 - - - 70-95 10 -[6]
SS-B (La) 核糖核蛋白 10-15 - - - 60-90 - -[6]
Jo-1 组氨酸氨酰-
tRNA连接酶
- - - - - 25 -[6]
符号 - 表示敏感性小于5%

若无特殊声明,每一个内的引用均为: [7]

30%至40%的类风湿性关节炎患者可被检出较高的抗核抗体滴度。

分类

下面是关于可检测到高抗核抗体滴度的各种已知抗体子类型[8],这种检测通常是在称为HEp-2的人喉鳞癌细胞上进行的:

  • 抗可提取核抗原抗体 (可提取核抗原)
    • 抗Ro抗体 (SS-A)
    • 抗La抗体 (SS-B)
    • 抗史密斯蛋白抗体
    • 抗核内核糖核蛋白抗体 (核内核糖核蛋白)
    • 抗拓朴异构酶抗体 (1型拓扑异构酶)
    • 抗Jo抗体
  • 抗核孔糖蛋白210抗体 (核孔糖蛋白210)
  • 抗核孔蛋白62抗体 (核孔蛋白62)
  • 抗双链DNA抗体 (双链DNA)
  • 抗着丝粒抗体 (着丝粒)

历史

1948年,哈格雷夫斯等人在骨髓中首次发现了红斑性狼疮细胞[9],这一发现首次证明了红斑狼疮是由影响细胞核的相关过程引起的[来源请求]。到了20世纪50年代,出现了针对抗核抗体的更敏感的血清学测试方法。

参见

引用

  1. ^ 医学主题词表(MeSH)Antinuclear+Antibody
  2. ^ Petri, Michelle; Orbai, Ana‐Maria; Alarcón, Graciela S.; Gordon, Caroline; Merrill, Joan T.; Fortin, Paul R.; Bruce, Ian N.; Isenberg, David; Wallace, Daniel J.; Nived, Ola; Sturfelt, Gunnar. Derivation and validation of the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis & Rheumatism. 2012-08, 64 (8) [2023-11-03]. ISSN 0004-3591. doi:10.1002/art.34473. (原始内容存档于2023-11-03) (英语). 
  3. ^ Kumar, Yashwant; Bhatia, Alka; Minz, Ranjana Walker. Antinuclear antibodies and their detection methods in diagnosis of connective tissue diseases: a journey revisited. Diagnostic Pathology. 2009-01-02, 4 (1). ISSN 1746-1596. PMC 2628865可免费查阅. PMID 19121207. doi:10.1186/1746-1596-4-1. 
  4. ^ Sobolewski, Piotr; Maślińska, Maria; Wieczorek, Marta; Łagun, Zuzanna; Malewska, Aleksandra; Roszkiewicz, Marek; Nitskovich, Raman; Szymańska, Elżbieta; Walecka, Irena. Systemic sclerosis – multidisciplinary disease: clinical features and treatment. Reumatologia. 2019-09-24, 57 (4) [2023-11-03]. ISSN 0034-6233. PMC 6753596可免费查阅. PMID 31548749. doi:10.5114/reum.2019.87619. (原始内容存档于2023-11-17) (英语). 
  5. ^ Kumar, Yashwant; Bhatia, Alka; Minz, Ranjana Walker. Antinuclear antibodies and their detection methods in diagnosis of connective tissue diseases: a journey revisited. Diagnostic Pathology. 2009-01-02, 4 (1). ISSN 1746-1596. PMC 2628865可免费查阅. PMID 19121207. doi:10.1186/1746-1596-4-1. 
  6. ^ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 6.11 6.12 6.13 6.14 6.15 6.16 Table 6-2 in: Elizabeth D Agabegi; Agabegi, Steven S. Step-Up to Medicine (Step-Up Series). Hagerstwon, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2008. ISBN 0-7817-7153-6. 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Table 5-9 in: Mitchell, Richard Sheppard; Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson. Robbins Basic Pathology. Philadelphia: Saunders. 2007. ISBN 1-4160-2973-7.  8th edition.
  8. ^ Kavanaugh A, Tomar R, Reveille J, Solomon DH, Homburger HA. Guidelines for clinical use of the antinuclear antibody test and tests for specific autoantibodies to nuclear antigens. American College of Pathologists. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2000;124:71-81. PMID 10629135
  9. ^ Hargraves M, Richmond H, Morton R. Presentation of two bone marrow components, the tart cell and the LE cell. Mayo Clin Proc 1948;27:25–28.

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抗核抗体
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