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戈夫岛雀

戈夫岛雀
雄鸟
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 鸟纲 Aves
目: 雀形目 Passeriformes
科: 唐纳雀科 Thraupidae
属: 戈夫岛雀属 Rowettia
Lowe, 1923
种:
戈夫岛雀 R. goughensis
二名法
Rowettia goughensis
(Clarke, WE英语William Eagle Clarke, 1904)
异名

Nesospiza goughensis (基本异名英语protonym)
Nesospiza jessiae

戈夫岛雀学名Rowettia goughensis),是大西洋特里斯坦-达库尼亚戈夫岛特有的一种雀。

词源

戈夫岛雀的属名Rowettia是为纪念英国商人约翰·奎勒·罗威特,其赞助了欧内斯特·沙克尔顿沙克尔顿-罗威特探险英语Shackleton–Rowett Expedition[2]

分类

戈夫岛雀成鸟(下)及其曾被视作Nesospiza jessiae的雏鸟(上)

戈夫岛雀于1904年由英国鸟类学家威廉·伊戈·克拉克英语William Eagle Clarke根据采集于戈夫岛的标本描述并命名为Nesospiza goughensisNesospiza jessiae[3]1923年,英国鸟类学家珀西·洛将两者并为同一种并放入单型的Rowettia属中。[4]

戈夫岛雀曾被分类至鹀科,但分子系统发生学研究显示其应属于裸鼻雀科中的刺花鸟亚科(Diglossinae),并与黑喉雀属英语Melanodera构成姐妹群[5]

描述

戈夫岛雀是一种大型雀类,体态矮壮,长18厘米;鸟喙黑色,厚而尖。雄鸟全身呈暗橄榄绿色,额头与眉部羽毛微黄;下半身呈略浅的橄榄色,带有显眼的黑色围嘴状斑纹。雌鸟与雏鸟呈淡橄榄黄色,周身布满深褐色条纹。[1]

分布及栖息地

戈夫岛雀仅分布于特里斯坦-达库尼亚群岛的戈夫岛。该物种在高至海拔800米的丛状草原、石楠荒原山地草原英语Feldmark最为常见,在蕨类灌丛与酸沼的分布密度则较低。[6]

习性

戈夫岛雀主要以无脊椎动物为食,但也吃果实、草籽、破碎的蛋及鸟类尸体。其繁殖期位于9-12月,雌鸟会在地面与植被带下筑巢,但更多是在陡坡与悬崖之上,巢呈敞开的杯状,借由悬垂的植物或岩石掩护。每次一般产下2枚卵,两性都会参与到雏鸟的养育中。[6]

保护现状

引入的小家鼠对其的竞争与捕食是戈夫岛雀所面临的的主要威胁。在其他亚南极岛屿上,鼠类的入侵极大地造成了本土无脊椎动物数量的改变,而戈夫岛雀的数量亦远不及临近无鼠岛屿的岛雀属物种数量丰富。1991年至2007年间,戈夫岛雀的雏鸟比率自种群总数的50%下降至20%,表明该物种的募集率已低至难以维持其种群。以往国际自然保护联盟将戈夫岛雀列为易危物种,自2008年起,它们因小家鼠入侵而导致的种群崩溃被列为极危物种。[1]

参考资料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 BirdLife International. Rowettia goughensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 [2021-01-05]. 
  2. ^ Jobling, James A. The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. 2010: 338. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4. 
  3. ^ Clarke, W. Eagle. Nesospiza goughensis, n. sp.. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. 1904, 15: 18 [2021-01-05]. (原始内容存档于2022-04-06). 
  4. ^ Lowe, Percy R. Notes on some land birds of the Tristan da Cunha group collected by the 'Quest' expedition. Ibis. 1923, 65 (3): 511-528 [512]. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1923.tb08110.x. 
  5. ^ Burns, K.J.; Shultz, A.J.; Title, P.O.; Mason, N.A.; Barker, F.K.; Klicka, J.; Lanyon, S.M.; Lovette, I.J. Phylogenetics and diversification of tanagers (Passeriformes: Thraupidae), the largest radiation of Neotropical songbirds. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2014, 75: 41–77. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.02.006. 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Ryan, P.G.; Cuthbert, R.J. The biology and conservation status of Gough Bunting Rowettia goughensis. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists. 2008, 128: 242–253. 
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戈夫岛雀
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