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宪慈皇后

宪慈宣圣皇后越南语Hiến Từ Tuyên Thánh hoàng hậu憲慈宣聖皇后,?—1369年),姓陈氏越南语Trần Thị陳氏),越南陈朝第五代君主陈明宗陈奣的皇后。第七代君主陈裕宗陈暭的母亲。

陈氏本来是惠武大王陈国瑱的长女,与陈明宗是同一个高祖父的兄妹,封为徽圣公主越南语Huy Thánh công chúa徽聖公主)。大庆十年(1323年)十二月,陈明宗册封徽圣公主为俪圣皇后越南语Lệ Thánh hoàng hậu儷聖皇后)。

开泰六年(1329年)二月十五日,明宗禅位太子陈旺。陈旺即皇帝位为陈宪宗,改元开祐元年,尊明宗为章尧文哲太上皇帝,俪圣皇后为宪慈太上皇后越南语Huệ Từ Thái thượng hoàng hậu憲慈太上皇后)或者宪慈太上皇后越南语Hiến Từ Thái thượng hoàng hậu憲慈太上皇后)。陈宪宗驾崩,宪慈皇后亲子、明宗第十子陈暭,即位为陈裕宗绍丰二年(1342年)七月,尊宪慈皇后为宪慈皇太后越南语Hiến Từ hoàng thái hậu憲慈皇太后)。

绍丰十六年(1356年)十月,宪慈太后遭母丧,制丧服。上皇明宗对太后说:“予其不服此服矣。”当时昭慈太后还在世,明宗所以怎么说。宪慈太后在昭庆寺设法会,发钱施贫民,为上皇祈祷。绍丰十七年(1357年)二月十九日,上皇在保元宫驾崩,庙号明宗,谥号章尧文哲皇帝。宪慈太后放生杂畜,以祈明宗康复,明宗说:“予身不可以猪羊易也。”又对宪慈太后说:“予亡后,汝居圣慈宫,无入山。”明宗死后,太后听从其言,不受佛戒。九月初八日,尊宪慈太后为宪慈太皇太后越南语Hiến Từ Thái hoàng thái hậu憲慈太皇太后)。宪慈太后性情仁厚,人称女中尧舜。

大治十二年(1369年)五月二十五日,裕宗驾崩,无嗣。六月十五日,宪慈皇太后派人迎故恭肃大王陈昱的庶子陈日礼即位,改元大定元年。《大越史记全书》说陈日礼是优人杨姜之子,陈昱悦其母美色,纳为妾室,杨姜和她已经怀有身孕。生下之后,陈昱养为己子。这时候,太后对群臣说:“陈昱嫡长不得即位,且早弃世,日礼不是他儿子吗。”于是迎立陈日礼,追封陈昱为皇太伯。八月初四日,陈日礼尊宪慈皇太后为宪慈宣圣太皇太后越南语Hiến Từ Tuyên Thánh Thái hoàng thái hậu憲慈宣聖太皇太后)。宪慈太后后悔立陈日礼。十二月十四日,陈日礼于宫中鸩弑宪慈宣圣太皇太后。

宪慈皇后陈氏
前任:
顺圣皇后陈氏
越南陈朝皇后
1323年—1329年
继任:
仪圣皇后陈氏
前任:
顺圣皇后陈氏
越南陈朝太上皇后
1329年—1342年
继任:
前任:
昭慈皇后陈氏
越南陈朝皇太后
1342年—1357年
继任:
仪圣皇后陈氏
前任:
顺圣保慈皇太后陈氏
越南陈朝太皇太后
1357年—1369年
继任:
后黎朝徽嘉静穆温恭柔顺太皇太后阮氏

参考资料

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宪慈皇后
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