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怜悯

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一个小孩对另一个小孩表达怜悯

怜悯(英语:Compassion)是指对于他者所受苦痛或不幸的同情、关注及帮助其之意愿。是一种社会性的感受,让人努力用一切方式减少其他人(或是自身)身体、心灵或是情绪上的痛苦。怜悯是指敏锐于其他人情绪的痛苦。当怜悯是以公平、正义以及相互依存等概念为基础,一般认为怜悯是部分符合理性的。

“Compassion”源自拉丁语,(早期)的含义为“共同受苦”。同情心包括“对于他人处境的感觉”,是同理心的先兆,即“感受他人”的能力,可以更好地以人为中心的积极同情行为;一般而言,积极的同情心是减轻他人痛苦的愿望。[1]

怜悯包括让人因为(他人的)痛苦而受到影响,进而减轻或避免痛苦。怜悯的行动是有益的行动。其他和怜悯相协调的美德有耐心、智慧、仁慈、毅力、温暖及决心。怜悯常常是利他主义中的重要成分(不过也有例外)。

(mercy)怜悯和同情(sympathy)不同,同情是对其他人的受苦而悲伤,并且关注,怜悯则是因其他人的受苦而以温暖及照顾回应[2]。在《Clinical Psychology Review英语Clinical Psychology Review》中的一篇论文建议:“怜悯包括三个部分:注意、感受以及回应。”[3]

相关条目

参考资料

  1. ^ Sherlyn Jimenez, see article on Compassion, The Encyclopedia of Positive Psychology, Volume I, Editor: Shane Lopez, Wiley-Blackwell, ISBN 978-1-4051-6125-1
  2. ^ Reddy, Nanda Kishore; Ajmera, Santosh. Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude. McGraw-Hill Education. 2015: 146. ISBN 978-93-5134-236-6. 
  3. ^ Strauss, Clara; Lever Taylor, Billie; Gu, Jenny; Kuyken, Willem; Baer, Ruth; Jones, Fergal; Cavanagh, Kate. What is compassion and how can we measure it? A review of definitions and measures. Clinical Psychology Review. July 2016, 47: 15–27. ISSN 0272-7358. PMID 27267346. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2016.05.004可免费查阅. 
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怜悯
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