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慧锷 .
慧锷 (日语:慧鍔 / えがく ),又写作惠萼 (日语:恵萼 〔惠萼 〕 ;蕚是萼的异体字 ,故也作惠蕚 )[1] 、慧蕚 (慧萼 )[2] 、慧谔 [3] 等,在日本一般表记为惠萼 (恵萼 );是日本平安时代 前期佛教临济宗 高僧 。生卒年不详。曾多次到中土大唐 求法,但记载零星不详[4] 。
慧锷于日本承和 (834—847)初年奉嵯峨天皇 皇后橘嘉智子 之懿旨,到大唐求法,他携弟子渡海于841年(唐会昌 元年)来到五台山 求得经书、宝物,后参谒杭州灵池寺齐安 国师,又请义空禅师到日本传扬临济宗。之后每年都到五台山参拜,但当时唐朝正值会昌灭佛 ,他的朝圣行动很快就中止了。
日本齐衡 元年(854年;唐大中 八年),他再度到五台山,请得观音菩萨像一尊;唐大中 十二年(858年),慧锷从宁波 故昌海滨(今舟山普陀山 )准备渡海回日本,但从普陀山出海三次均遇上神异的风浪,最后一次据传说在海洋上还出现了铁莲花,慧锷请出菩萨像祈请开示去路,风浪乃止。慧锷返回普陀山,感叹观音菩萨不肯离去,故在山上建不肯去观音院 供养菩萨像,由此普陀山观音道场逐渐建立起来,而普陀山也从原来的梅岑山改名为普陀山 (意思是东方普陀洛迦山 )[5] 。
2013年电影《不肯去观音 》中,由中泉英雄出演慧锷。
^ 円仁‘入唐求法巡礼行记’
^ ‘日本文徳天皇実录’、金沢文库本‘白氏文集’
^ 《重修普陀山志》
^ 桥本进吉. 《桥本进吉博士著作集》〈慧萼和尚年谱〉12叶.岩波书店. 1972年(原著1922年)
^ 《佛祖统纪》卷四十二、《佛祖历代通载》卷二十三、《释氏稽古略》卷三、日本《桥本进吉博士著作集·慧萼和尚年谱》、日本《元亨释书》
^ 陈翀.慧萼东传〈白氏文集〉及普陀洛迦开山考
大清前历史知名的访华外籍者
蒙元之前 蒙元 明朝
坚中圭密 (15世纪左右)
吉哈德·纳科昔 (活跃于1419-22)
盖洛特·佩雷拉 (1549-1553)
欧华利 (16世纪左右)
费尔南·佩雷兹·德·安德拉德 (16世纪左右)
托梅·皮雷斯 (1465–1540)
莱奥内尔·索萨 (16世纪左右)
阿里·阿克巴尔·哈塔伊 (约1500–1516间活跃)
利玛窦 (1552–1610)
汤若望 (1591–1666)
佩特林 (17世纪左右)
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