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慈善

慈善活动

慈善是一种善良意愿的社会活动,可能包含布施、救济贫苦、动物保护甚至环境保护等。慈善事业的实践意味着自愿向有需要的人提供帮助,作为一种人道主义行为。

慈善关系“施予者”和“受施者”。在社会上,不问物质回报地,给予有需要的社群帮助、赞助等。是促进人类福利进步的利他关怀,通常透过捐赠金钱、资产或工作活动,由教育或医疗机构捐赠予有需求的人,或公益协助其他社会需求。[1]

中国的慈善最主要的莫过于布施,尤其是饥荒或战乱时的布施食物,《礼记·檀弓》记载有“嗟来之食”的典故,黔敖所主持的就是一种慈善事业。后世的佛教道教认为行善可以累积功德,清朝康熙年间,大学士李光地在饥荒时,设置粥厂煮粥散给饥民吃。[2]江苏巡抚张伯行倡导“担粥法”[3]陆世仪在《劝施米汤约》文中提出施米汤法,就是家里做饭时,多放点水,把米汤舀出来,再放点杂粮,施舍给没有饭吃的人[4]。光绪中九年(1883)水灾,顺天府尹周家楣奏准在各乡镇及京城六门外设立粥厂。

相关

注释

  1. ^ 艺术与建筑索引典-慈善[永久失效链接]于2011年3月31日查阅
  2. ^ 《文贞公年谱》记载:“贫民赖以存济,故岁虽荒,而途无殍者。”
  3. ^ 《救荒事宜十条·担粥法》,《清经世文编》卷四十一
  4. ^ 《清经世文编》卷四十二
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慈善
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