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流氓.
流氓通常是经常生事、不讲道理、靠威胁、恐吓等手段取得利益者。古时指没有工作的露宿者,而后专指不去学校上课、做对社会有害之事的人。现今指习惯自称“兄弟”有称兄道弟之习惯的族群,或以“流氓”、“地痞流氓”等为这类人的代称。
在中国甲骨文时代“流”指流动的。而“氓”则因时代的变迁而有以下几种解释:
- 《说文》中指的是人民
- 《石经注疏》中与甿相通,也就是农民
- 《周礼》中则是指新徙来者
上古时代社会是有团体聚居的,各个集团会互相攻伐,抓到的敌人就是俘虏,也就是对方的农民或野民;这些人没有家没有牵挂,往往会逃亡四处流浪,因此逃亡流浪的农民称为“流氓”。
而原本并非贬义的名词却因为没有家庭拖累,为了活命什么事情都干得出来。这样一来,词义发生了变化,流氓一词便成了对坏人的鄙视,产生了贬义。
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