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惊厥

惊厥
症状痉挛
类型医学征象[*]神经系统症状[*]
病因癫痫发热乳糜泻中风创伤性脑损伤低血糖脑肿瘤脑膜炎脑炎toxemia[*]酗酒脑出血
诊断方法encefalography[*]核磁共振成像X射线计算机断层成像
治疗抗癫痫药物[*]
分类和外部资源
医学专科神经学、​精神病学
ICD-9-CM780.3
DiseasesDB[1]
MeSHD012640
[编辑此条目的维基数据]

惊厥[1](英语:convulsion)又称chù[2]nuò,俗称抽风惊风,是一种身体肌肉突然快速、反复、可能有节奏的收缩及放松,导致不受控制的抖动之医学症状,常为“全身抽搐”且常合并意识丧失。虽常与癫痫发作互换使用[3],但并不是所有的癫痫发作都会呈现惊厥,且有些人症状轻微,没有抖动。

“抽搐”只是一种症状,其仅意味着支配肌肉的神经组织偶尔会出现过度且无序的放电,这种放电有各种强度且可发生在:各种身体状况欠佳的情况下、所有年龄层、在无数原因不明情况下[4]。“全身性抽搐”(generalized convulsion)或称广泛性抽搐,则多指脑部神经细胞活动受到干扰,导致肌肉不由自主地收缩、痉挛,造成身体突然、剧烈、不规则、不受控的运动[5]

中医西医所指的惊厥略不同,主要指发于一至五岁小儿的小儿惊厥,是一种虚症。它会和其它许多疾病同时发生,导致儿童抽搐和神志障碍。发病率随着年龄的增加而降低。[6]

小儿惊厥

惊厥是儿科常见急症,高热是引起小儿惊厥的主要原因[7]。该病在6个月至6岁儿童群体中上呼吸道感染初期高发,并常于体温骤升时发生,患儿表现为全身性、短暂性抽搐,意识丧失,严重者还会出现呼吸暂停,乃至死亡[8]。其他引起惊厥的原因还有癫痫、代谢紊乱、颅内感染、缺氧性疾病、中毒等[8]

参见

参考文献

  1. ^ https://www.termonline.cn/word/10490/1#s1
  2. ^ 存档副本. [2022-04-03]. (原始内容存档于2022-04-03). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  3. ^ Medlineplus medical encyclopedia. [2022-04-03]. (原始内容存档于2022-07-10). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  4. ^ Jackson JH. A STUDY OF CONVULSIONS. Arch Neurol. 1970;22(2):184–188. doi:10.1001/archneur.1970.00480200090012
  5. ^ 存档副本. [2022-04-03]. (原始内容存档于2022-06-14). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  6. ^ 什么是惊厥页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆),中华中医网,[2014-06-14]
  7. ^ 刘科贝. 高热惊厥小儿的临床特征及预后分析. 实用临床医药杂志. 2019-08-23 [2022-12-20]. 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 于丹. 小儿高热惊厥急诊护理中全程绿色通道护理路径的应用效果. 中国医药指南. 2022-01-10. doi:10.15912/j.cnki.gocm.2022.01.016. 

外部链接

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惊厥
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