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贡生

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贡生,雅称“明经”。两朝秀才(又称生员)成绩优异者,可入京师国子监读书,称为贡生。贡士不同于贡生,举人会试而被录取者称贡士,贡士经过殿试录取者为进士

简介

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明代有岁贡、选贡、恩贡和纳贡;清代有岁贡、拔贡、恩贡、副贡、优贡和例贡,此外还有军功贡。

岁贡是每年或每两三年由各省学政从各府、州、县学中选送优秀廪生升入国子监就读,称为岁贡。岁贡第一名,称为“岁贡元”。

拔贡在明代称为选贡,是由朝廷在规定时间内选拔到国子监读书的人。至清初改称拔贡,每六年选拔一次,而清高宗乾隆七年(1742年)起改为每十二年一次。

恩贡皇帝登基或其他庆典颁布“恩诏之年”,在岁贡以外加选一次,称为恩贡。

副贡是指在乡试中式副榜者。副榜始于元朝至正八年(1348年)。明朝非常制,永乐会试曾设副榜,嘉靖中设乡试副榜,准作贡生,入国子监读书肄业,称为“副榜贡生”,简称副贡。到了清代则成为定制,由各省学政在乡试录取名单外,增列优秀落榜者编为副榜。

优贡是每三年由各省学政从儒学生员中考选一次,每省不过数名,亦无录用条例。同治中规定,优贡经廷试后可按知县、教职分别任用。

例贡在明代称为纳贡,是生员透过“援例捐纳”而取得贡生资格。在清代改称“例贡”,又可分为附贡附生通过捐纳方式取得贡生资格者)、增贡增生通过捐纳方式取得贡生资格者)、廪贡廪生通过捐纳方式取得贡生资格者)等。

军功贡为清代独有,主要存在于清初,凡随征生员有军功者则准作贡生。

参见

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注释

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参考资料

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  • 大清会典事例》礼部.贡举
  • 《钦定大清会典则例》卷六十六,六十七.贡举
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贡生
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