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德贵斯塔

德贵斯塔族人在十六世纪所居住的范围

德贵斯塔族(英语:Tequesta)是居住于美国佛罗里达州大西洋海岸,即现时布劳沃德县迈阿密-戴德县原住民。他们也是欧洲人首次所接触的美国原住民。当时16世纪,德贵斯塔人占据了佛罗里达礁岛群及佛罗里达州南端的沙布尔角(Cape Sable)。中央城镇德贵斯塔可能坐落于迈阿密河河口。到了最近一百年德贵斯塔人才在比斯坎湾地区居住。他们以打渔、狩猎和采集果实为生,但不从事任何形式的农业生产。

当时德贵斯塔人或多或少受到位于佛罗里达州西南海岸卡卢萨人(Calusa)所控制。当欧洲人首次登陆当地时,德贵斯塔人大约有800到10000人,而卡卢萨人大约有2000到20000人。佛罗里达礁岛群常常由两族人轮流占领。

根据荷兰绘图家Hessel Gerritsz在1630年所出版的《世界历史》中所绘制的地图中,佛罗里达半岛被称呼为德贵斯塔〈Tegesta〉。在往后的两百年,仍然被称呼为德贵斯塔[1][2].

1513年胡安·庞塞·德莱昂登陆当地并称呼当地为德贵斯塔(Chequesta),即现时的比斯坎湾。1565年,西班牙水手佩德罗·梅嫩德斯·德阿维莱斯(Pedro Menéndez de Avilés)借口风暴停留比斯坎湾。耶稣会人把德贵斯塔族人首领的侄儿带到古巴夏湾拿受教育,而首领的弟弟则跟随梅嫩德斯到西班牙转而信奉基督教。1567年,梅嫩德斯带着Francisco Villareal及三十名士兵回到比斯坎湾并且建立了一个传道区(mission),强迫德贵斯塔人改信基督教。这个传道区到了1570年被迫废弃。

1763年,当地的西班牙军队向英国军队投降后,所有人都被迫迁到古巴夏湾拿居住。

外部链接

[编辑]
  1. ^ 地图页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  2. ^ Ehrenberg, Ralph E. "Marvellous countries and lands" Notable Maps of Florida, 1507-1846页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆

参考文献

[编辑]
  • Austin, Daniel W. (1997). "The Glades Indians and the Plants they Used. Ethnobotany of an Extinct Culture." The Palmetto, 17(2):7 -11.[1]页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) - accessed December 4 2005
  • Brickell Point - Home of the Miami Circle (State of Florida site) - accessed December 4 2005
  • Bullen, Adelaide K. (1965). "Florida Indians of Past and Present". In Ruby L. Carson & Charlton Tebeau (Eds.), Florida from Indian trail to space age: a history (Vol. I, pp. 317-350). Southern Publishing Company.
  • Escalente Fontaneda, Hernando de. (1944). Memoir of Do. d'Escalente Fontaneda respecting Florida. Smith, B. (Trans.); True, D. O. (Ed.). Miami: University of Miami & Historical Association of Southern Florida.
  • Goddard, Ives. (2005). The indigenous languages of the Southeast. Anthropological Linguistics, 47 (1), 1-60.
  • Hann, John H. (1991). Missions to the Calusa. Gainesville: University of Florida Press.
  • State of Florida Office of Cultural and Historical Programs. "Chapter 12. South and Southeast Florida: The Everglades Region, 2500 B.P.-Contact". Historic Contexts. Version of 9-27-93. Downloaded from [2]页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) on March 27 2006
  • Sturtevant, William C. (1978). "The Last of the South Florida Aborigines". In Jeral Milanich & Samuel Proctor (Eds.). Tachagale: Essays on the Indians of Florida and Southeastern Georgia during the Historic Period. Gainesville, Florida: The University Presses of Florida. ISBN 0-8130-0535-3
  • Tebeau, Charlton W. (1968). Man in the Everglades (pp. 37-45). Coral Gables, Florida: University of Miami Press. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 68-17768
  • The Tequesta of Biscayne Bay页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) - accessed December 4 2005
  • Wenhold, Lucy L. (Ed., Trans.). (1936). A 17th century letter of Gabriel Diaz Vara Calderón, Bishop of Cuba, describing the Indians and Indian missions of Florida. Smithsonian miscellaneous collections 95 (16). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.
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德贵斯塔
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