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微距镜头

Leica R 60mm/2.8 微距镜头
Canon MP-E 65mm 微距镜头。

微距镜头(英语:macro lens)是一种用作微距摄影的特殊镜头,主要用于拍摄十分细微的物体,如花卉昆虫等。为了对距离极近的被摄物也能正确对焦,微距镜头通常被设计为能够拉伸得更长,以使光学中心尽可能远离感光元件,同时在镜片组的设计上,也必须注重于近距离下的变形与色差等的控制。

大多数微距镜头的焦距都大于标准镜头,可以被归类为望远镜头,但是在光学设计上可能是不如一般的望远镜头的,因此并非完全适用于一般的摄影

放大率

放大率是微距镜头的基本规格之一,用以表示成像与实物大小的,当实物大小2公分的物体,在焦平面上形成1公分大小的影像时,这时的放大率就是1:2,或是化约成0.5,通常专用的微距镜头都可以达到1:1的放大率。

微距镜头通常是定焦镜头,因此可以利用改变拍摄者与被摄物之间距离的方式,改变拍摄时的放大率。现在也有一些变焦镜头标榜著具有微距能力,这类非专用的镜头通常放大率最多是1:2,光学设计也不如专用的微距镜头,但是对于需求没那么强烈,或是经济能力不太充足的一般使用者来说,也是一种可行的替代方案。

参见

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微距镜头
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