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微分同胚

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数学中,微分同胚是适用于微分流形范畴的同构概念。这是从微分流形之间的可逆映射,使得此映射及其逆映射均为光滑(即无穷可微)的。

定义

对给定的两个微分流形,若对光滑映射,存在光滑映射使得,则称为微分同胚。此时逆映射是唯一的。

若在微分流形之间存在微分同胚,则称是微分同胚的,通常记为

对于流形,可采同样办法定义微分同胚之概念。

例子

考虑

此微分同胚可由下述映射给出:

与同胚的关系

对维度的流形,可证明同胚的流形必为微分同胚;换言之,此时流形上的拓扑结构确定了微分结构。在四维以上则存在反例,最早的构造是约翰·米尔诺的七维怪球,米尔诺更证明了七维球上恰有28种微分流形结构,它们都可表成某个在上的-丛。在1980年代,西蒙·唐纳森与迈克尔·哈特利·弗里德曼的证明在上有不可数个相异的微分结构。

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微分同胚
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