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临终

临终弥留临死是一个生命在走向死亡之前的最后一个阶段。

征兆

美国国家癌症研究所的研究显示,出现以下一些迹象可能表明死亡即将来临[1][2]

  • 嗜睡、睡眠时间增加和/或反应迟钝(由患者新陈代谢的变化引起)。
  • 对亲人的时间、地点和/或身份混淆不清; 坐立不安;看见不存在或已不存在的人和地方;拉扯床单或衣服(部分原因是患者新陈代谢的变化)。
  • 减少或退出社交(由于大脑供氧减少、血流量减少和死亡的心理准备)。
  • 食欲不振(由于身体需要保存能量以及正常摄入食物和液体的能力下降)。
  • 失去对膀胱或肠道的控制(由骨盆区域肌肉松弛引起)。
  • 尿液变黑或尿量减少(由肾功能衰退和/或液体摄入量减少引起)。
  • 皮肤变凉,尤其是手和脚;皮肤可能会变蓝,尤其是在身体下方(由于四肢循环减少)。
  • 呼吸时发出嘎嘎声或咯咯声,可能很响(死前喉鸣); 呼吸不规则且浅浅; 每分钟呼吸次数减少; 呼吸在快慢之间交替(由液体消耗的减少所引起的充血、体内废物堆积和/或器官循环减少)。
  • 习惯性地将头部转向光源(由视力下降引起)。
  • 对疼痛的容忍度下降(由疾病进展引起)。
  • 不自主运动(称为肌阵挛)、心率加快、高血压继发低血压[3]以及腿部和手臂反射丧失是生命即将结束的其他迹象。

参见

参考文献

  1. ^ Physical Changes as You Near the End of Life. www.cancer.org. [2020-04-30]. (原始内容存档于2022-03-23) (英语). 
  2. ^ End-of-Life Care: Questions and Answers. NCI Factsheet. 30 October 2002 [2022-08-13]. (原始内容存档于2015-02-24). 
  3. ^ Linda LE, Ferris FD, von Gunten C. The Last Hours of Living: Practical Advice for Clinicians. Medscape. [17 November 2017]. (原始内容存档于28 January 2017). 
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临终
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