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张竹坡

张竹坡(1670年—1698年),名道深,字自得,号竹坡铜山(今徐州)人,清初文艺理论家,以评点《金瓶梅》闻名。

第一奇书: 金瓶梅 (1659)

生平

祖籍浙江绍兴,明中叶高祖张棋迁居徐州。自幼聪颖,六岁能赋诗,五次应举,屡试不中。二十六岁开始在家中评点《金瓶梅》。张竹坡同意冯梦龙的“四大奇书”的观点,并称《金瓶梅》为“第一奇书”,一生以评《金瓶梅》为业,有回评、眉批、夹批、圈点,开创《金瓶梅》一书108则读法,并认为只有亲历“患难穷愁,人情世故,一一经历过,入世最深,方能为众脚色摹神”[1]。康熙三十四年(1695年)刊刻《皋鹤堂批评第一奇书金瓶梅》,其叔张潮化名谢颐为序,序中指出《金瓶梅》作者为王世贞。三年后,竹坡病亡,仅二十九岁。

评点《金瓶梅》

张竹坡在《竹坡闲话》说明评点《金瓶梅》的原因:“《金瓶》我又何以批之也哉?我喜其文之洋洋一百回,而千针万线同出一丝,又千曲万折不露一线,闲窗独坐,读史读诸家文,少暇偶一观之,曰:如此妙文,不为之递出金针,不几辜负作者千秋苦心哉!”并认为:“凡人谓《金瓶》是淫书者,想必伊止知看其淫处也。”在这方面,张竹坡对此书只见优点,不评缺点,甚至将之看成《史记》,所谓“《金瓶梅》是一部《史记》。然而《史记》有独传,有合传,却是分开做的。《金瓶梅》却是一百回共成一传,故知作《金瓶》者必能作《史记》。”,他对《金瓶梅》的贡献与其说是阅读毋宁说是一种再创造。

参考资料

  1. ^ 《批评第一奇书金瓶梅读法》59
  • 吴敢:〈张竹坡与《金瓶梅》研究〉
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张竹坡
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