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张文锦.
张文锦(?—1524年),字暗夫,山东安丘县(今山东安丘市)人。明朝政治人物。官至大同巡抚,因兵变被杀。
弘治十二年(1499年)己未科进士,授户部主事。正德初年,刘瑾专权,被下诏狱,逐斥为民。
刘瑾伏诛后,再被启用。升迁为郎中。督税陕西。升安庆府知府。宸濠之乱时,叛军攻至城下,坚拒佥事潘鹏诱降。宸濠下令攻城,不能克。
嘉靖元年(1522年),官都察院右副都御史,巡抚大同。
嘉靖三年(1523年)五月,张文锦认为大同镇北部无险可守,下令在大同城北九十里筑红寺、胪圈、窑山墩、水尽头、沙河等五堡,又迁徙2500家镇卒前往守卫。镇卒以往戍必死于鞑靼,不肯服从,张文锦大怒,杖打队长。嘉靖三年(1524年)八月大同驻军郭鉴、柳忠、陈浩、胡雄等哗变,张文锦被杀,史称“五堡兵变”[1]。
- ^ 清·张廷玉等,《明史》(卷200):“张文锦 ,安丘人。弘治十二年进士,授户部主事。正德初,为刘瑾所陷,逮系诏狱,斥为民。瑾诛,起故官。再迁郎中。督税陕西,条上筹边裕民十事。迁安庆知府。度宁王宸濠必反,与都指挥杨锐为御备计。宸濠果反,浮江下。文锦等虑其攻南都,令军士登城诟之。宸濠乃留攻,卒不能克。事具杨锐传。玺书褒美,擢太仆少卿。嘉靖元年拜右副都御史,巡抚大同。文锦性刚。以拒贼得重名,遂锐意振刷,操切颇无序。大同北四望平衍,寇至无可御。文锦曰:“寇犯宣府不能近镇城者,以葛谷、白阳诸堡为外蔽也。今城外即战场,何以示重?”议于城北九十里外,增设五堡,曰水口、宣宁、只河、柳沟、桦沟。参将贾鉴督役严,卒已怨。及堡成,欲徙镇卒二千五百家戍之。众惮行,请募新丁,僚吏咸以为言。文锦怒曰:“如此,则令不行矣。镇亲兵先往,孰敢后!”亲兵素游惰有室。闻当发,大恐。请孑身往,得分番。又不听,严趣之。鉴承风,杖其队长。诸边卒自甘州五卫杀巡抚许铭,朝廷处之轻,颇无忌。至是,卒郭鉴、柳忠等乘众愤,遂倡乱。杀贾鉴,裂其尸,走出塞,屯焦山墩。文锦恐与外寇连,令副将时陈等招之入城,即索治首乱者。郭鉴等大惧,复聚为乱,焚大同府门,入行都司纵狱囚,又焚都御史府门。文锦逾垣走,匿博野王府第。乱卒欲燔王宫。王惧,出文锦。郭鉴等杀之,亦裂其尸,遂焚镇守总兵公署。出故总兵朱振于狱,胁为帅。时嘉靖三年八月也。”
弘治十二年(1499年)己未科殿试金榜 |
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| 第一甲 赐进士及第 共3名 | |
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| 第二甲 赐进士出身 共95名 | |
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| 第三甲 赐同进士出身 共202名 | |
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