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广义位势 Connected to: {{::readMoreArticle.title}} 拉格朗日力学时常涉及广义位势,因为拉格朗日量 L {\displaystyle {\mathcal {L))\,\!} 的广义式定义包含了广义位势: L = T − V {\displaystyle {\mathcal {L))=T-{\mathcal {V))\,\!} ;其中, V {\displaystyle {\mathcal {V))\,\!} 是广义位势, T {\displaystyle T\,\!} 是动能。 定义广义位势为一个函数, V = V ( q 1 , q 2 , … , q N , q ˙ 1 , q ˙ 2 , … , q ˙ N , t ) {\displaystyle {\mathcal {V))={\mathcal {V))(q_{1},\ q_{2},\ \dots ,\ q_{N},\ {\dot {q))_{1},\ {\dot {q))_{2},\ \dots ,\ {\dot {q))_{N},\ t)\,\!} ,满足下述与广义力 F {\displaystyle {\mathcal {F))\,\!} 的关系: F i = − ∂ V ∂ q i + d d t ( ∂ V ∂ q i ˙ ) {\displaystyle {\mathcal {F))_{i}=-{\frac {\partial {\mathcal {V))}{\partial q_{i))}+{\frac {d}{dt))\left({\frac {\partial {\mathcal {V))}{\partial {\dot {q_{i))))}\right)\,\!} ;其中, q i {\displaystyle q_{i}\,\!} 是广义坐标, q i ˙ {\displaystyle {\dot {q_{i))}\,\!} 是广义速度, t {\displaystyle t\,\!} 是时间。 假若一个物理系统满足上述关系,此系统是单演系统。 假若一个单演系统的广义位势只跟广义坐标有关, V = V ( q 1 , q 2 , … , q N ) {\displaystyle {\mathcal {V))={\mathcal {V))(q_{1},\ q_{2},\ \dots ,\ q_{N})\,\!} ,则此系统是保守系统。广义力与广义位势的关系是 F i = − ∂ V ∂ q i {\displaystyle {\mathcal {F))_{i}=-{\frac {\partial {\mathcal {V))}{\partial q_{i))}\,\!} 。参阅[编辑]拉格朗日力学 哈密顿力学 分类 分类:力学经典力学拉格朗日力学势 {{bottomLinkPreText}} {{bottomLinkText}} This page is based on a Wikipedia article written by contributors (read/edit). Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses. Cover photo is available under {{::mainImage.info.license.name || 'Unknown'}} license. Cover photo is available under {{::mainImage.info.license.name || 'Unknown'}} license. Credit: (see original file).