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平安祭.
平安祭(希伯来语:Zebhah,slaughter offering [1]或Zebhah shelam,sacrifice-of-peace offering,有时简称为shelam,peace offering)是《圣经·利未记》中提到的第三种献祭,宰杀祭牲[2]。shelam通常翻译成“和平”,不过更准确的含义应该是“健康”或“繁荣”。[3]
平安祭是人可以享用的祭物,祭司和献祭者可以享用此祭。平安祭可以使用任何祭牲,可以用无酵饼或有酵饼。平安祭表征基督是成就和平者,祂为我们受死流血,作了我们与神之间的和平与交通,使我们能与神共同享受基督,在祂里面与神相安、相交,神人同得满足─利三1~17,西一20~22。
平安祭包括三种类型:
- 感谢祭 - 为“感谢”而献的“平安祭”,可以以“无酵饼”献上,也可以“牛羊”献上。献“无酵饼”时,可以以“一个饼献给耶和华为举祭”,所谓的“举祭”就是在祭坛前举起来代表献祭,之后将它归“祭司”食用。而献“牛羊”时,献祭者就要“在献的日子吃,一点不可留到早晨”,免得祭肉不洁。
- 还愿祭 - 为“还愿”和“甘心”而献的“平安祭”则较为宽容。“所剩下的第二天也可以吃”,但到了第三天要用火将剩下的肉焚烧,免得不洁。圣经中许多关于许愿还愿的教导,都是叫人谨慎许愿“你许愿不还,不如不许… 也不可在祭司面前说是错许了。为何使神因你的声音发怒,败坏你手所作的呢?”(传五5~ 6)撒母耳的母亲许愿若生了儿子就将他献上归上帝使用,她不但来献还愿祭,而且真的将撒母耳带到会幕献于上帝。
- 甘心祭 -
- ^ 在现代希伯来语中zebhah仅仅表示“献祭”,但起初的含义是“宰杀” - Peake圣经注释;
- ^ Peake圣经注释、犹太百科全书
- ^ Ibid.
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