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希律王朝

希律王朝希伯来语בית הורדוס‎)是一个以以东人血统为主的以色列王朝[1],它曾经统治过犹太希律王国英语Herodian kingdom,后来又统治过罗马帝国附庸国希律四国英语Herodian tetrarchy

希律王朝始于大希律王的父亲安提帕特,他是一名哈斯蒙尼王朝的高官,希律在他死后在公元前37年获得罗马共和国的支持,封为犹太人的王并取代哈斯蒙尼王朝。他的王国一直持续到公元前4年,随后王国被分割给希律的三个儿子和他的妹妹并分裂成4个国家,即希律四国。公元6年,统治含耶路撒冷核心地区的希律·阿基劳斯罗马皇帝奥古斯都罢免,他的领地并入罗马帝国犹太行省,不过希律王朝的分封王如莎乐美一世希律·安提帕斯希律·腓力二世依然统治著行省周边的小块地方并一直持续至公元41年希律亚基帕一世继大希律再次获得全犹太地区管治权为止(行省被罗马人取消,亚基帕一世王国的地位相同于大希律王的王国)。犹太行省在44年亚基帕一世死后重新建立。

此后即位的最后一位希律王朝君主希律亚基帕二世只是名义上的君主,实际上没有多少权力。公元92年,希律亚基帕二世去世后,罗马帝国彻底废除了希律王朝,将名义上希律王朝的领土并入犹太省

参考文献

  1. ^ 李杰,犹太人简史,新世界出版社,2017.07,182頁. 
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希律王朝
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