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长吻帆蜥鱼

长吻帆蜥鱼
捕获的个体
史密森尼国立自然历史博物馆
长吻帆蜥鱼模型
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 辐鳍鱼纲 Actinopteri
目: 仙女鱼目 Aulopiformes
科: 帆蜥鱼科 Alepisauridae
属: 帆蜥鱼属 Alepisaurus
种:
长吻帆蜥鱼 A. ferox
二名法
Alepisaurus ferox
Lowe, 1833[2]
异名
  • Alepisaurus altivelis
    Poey, 1860
  • Plagyodus borealis
    Gill, 1862
  • Alepidosaurus serra
    Gill, 1862
  • Alepidosaurus aesculapius
    Bean, 1883
  • Plagyodus aesculapius
    Bean, 1883
  • Alepisaurus borealis
    Gill, 1862
  • Alepidosaurus poeyi
    Gill, 1863
  • Alepidosaurus borealis
    Gill, 1862
  • Alepisaurus richardsonii
    Bleeker, 1855
  • Alepisaurus azureus
    Valenciennes, 1850

长吻帆蜥鱼学名Alepisaurus ferox),又名帆蜥鱼,俗称狗母长吻鳍枪鱼,是帆蜥鱼科帆蜥鱼属的模式种,生活于水深约3000米以下的海域(通常生活于150至1830米之间)。

分布地区

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本鱼分布极广,寒带(最北纪录于斯瓦尔巴群岛北部外海)至热带海域(最南纪录于智利南部外海)均有纪录,包括太平洋大西洋印度洋地中海西西里巴勒莫东北部海域与墨西拿北方海域)、北冰洋等海域[3]

辨识特征

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背鳍具30至45条软条;臀鳍具13至18条软条[4]。身体细长且侧扁。头稍扁且略高,尖突。眼与嘴大,口裂延伸至眼后,几乎达到鳃盖骨;下颔稍突出,并有一列小孔。尾柄峡小而侧扁,两侧各有一脂质突起。牙尖利,但参差不齐,全部齿尖倒向后部。体光滑无鳞,皮很薄,侧线明显,前部位较高,后部成直线向尾部延伸。被其常而高,起点于鳃繷上方,延伸到臀鳍起点上方,鳍条可埋于背沟支中;脂鳍中等大;胸鳍侧下位,矛状;腹鳍小;尾鳍深叉形,上叶部分鳍条延长成丝状。体背蓝青色,体侧与腹部银灰色,有闪光。体长约1.5米,最大可长至约2.5米。

生态习性

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为大洋性表层[5]至中层[6]洄游性鱼类,有明显的昼夜垂直移动特性,白天蛰伏深海,晚间上升到近表层。喜在寒暖流交相会的锋面处逗留。属于雌雄同体的鱼类,性腺为白色透明的长丝带状。性极贪食,往往囫囵吞咽各种中小型饵食,为杂食性鱼类,如鱼类甲壳类腔肠动物软体动物头足类等,都曾在其肠胃发现过。

学术、经济价值

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由于水分多,肉质稀烂,无食用上的价值。另外由于其食性复杂,常可从其肠胃中,发现许多深海的物种,使科学家对于深海物种的研究上,有很大的帮助。

参考文献

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  1. ^ Paxton, J.R. Alepisaurus ferox. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012. [16 July 2012]. 
  2. ^ Richard Thomas Lowe. Description of a new genus of acanthopterygian fishes. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London. 1833, 1: 123–128 [2013-08-29]. (原始内容存档于2019-07-10). 
  3. ^ 见IUCN的[1]页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)分布地图
  4. ^ Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) (2011). Alepisaurus ferox. FishBase. Version 2011-12.
  5. ^ 台湾鱼类资料库. 帆蜥魚. [2013-08-29]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-04). 
  6. ^ 冈村収, 尼冈邦夫. 日本の海水魚. 山と渓谷社. 1997. ISBN 4-635-09027-2. 

1.《中国名贵─珍稀水中动物》1993年,11月

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长吻帆蜥鱼
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