For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for 铁角蕨属.

铁角蕨属

铁角蕨属
Asplenium trichomanes ssp. quadrivalens
科学分类 编辑
界: 植物界 Plantae
演化支 维管植物 Tracheophyta
纲: 真蕨纲 Polypodiopsida
目: 水龙骨目 Polypodiales
科: 铁角蕨科 Aspleniaceae
属: 铁角蕨属 Asplenium
L., 1753
模式种
Asplenium marinum

约700种

异名
  • Camptosorus
  • Ceterach
  • Loxoscaphe T.Moore
  • Phyllitis
  • Tarachia

铁角蕨属(学名:Asplenium)为铁角蕨科的一种植物,密被黑褐色或深棕色小鳞片,鳞片为披针形,通常近全绿,基部着生。叶子为远生、近生或簇生,柄为草质,通常为淡绿色、青灰色或栗褐色。铁角蕨属包含约700种植物,广泛分布于世界各地,主要以热带和亚热带地区为主,尤其是热带地区,中国境内现知有110种。

属名Asplenium源于希腊语a(无)和splenon(脾脏)的合成词,指本属植物供药用。

用途

此蕨类植物可食用,例如山苏(巢蕨)和过猫(过沟菜蕨)的嫩叶烹炒后都可食用。此种植物具有一定的药用价值,例如:清热解毒、调经止血、收敛止带、外用治烧烫伤、外伤、疔疮肿毒、毒蛇咬伤,是常见的民间药用植物。

在台湾,盛产于台湾东部山区,在花莲县常为原住民料理食材。[1]

形态特征

该属植物根茎呈横走、斜卧或直立状。密被黑褐色或深棕色小鳞片,鳞片为披针形,通常近全缘,基部着生。叶子为远生、近生或簇生,柄为草质,通常为淡绿色、青灰色或栗褐色。

上面有一纵沟,基部不以关节着生,略具鳞片,向上光滑或偶有小鳞片,小鳞片上达叶轴,往往沿羽轴、主脉或叶下疏生,并常呈不规则的星芒状,易脱落;叶片单一,经常为一至三回羽状(三回羽状叶均为细裂),偶为四回羽状;各回羽轴上面有纵沟,羽片或小羽片往往沿纵沟两侧有下延的狭翅,末回小羽片或裂片基部不对称(即上侧为耳形,下侧楔形),有时为对开式的不等边四边形,边缘有锯齿或撕裂。

叶脉分离 ,斜上,在末回小羽片上为一至多回二歧分枝,或在每一末回线状裂片上只有1条不分枝的小脉;小脉通直,不达叶边,多少明显或隆起,并在叶片上下两面略呈沟槽状。叶草质至革质,有时近肉质,干后淡绿色(肉质)、绿色(草质)或棕色(革质),无毛;叶轴顶端或羽片着生处有时有一芽胞,在母株上萌发。

孢子囊群通常线形(有时近椭圆形),通直,沿每组叶脉上侧一脉的一侧(大都为上侧)着生,单生一脉,罕有双生,有囊群盖;囊群盖同形,厚膜质或纸质,棕色或灰白色,全缘,开向主脉或有时开向叶边:孢子囊柄长,环带通常由20-28个增厚细胞组成。孢子两侧对称,椭圆形,周壁具褶皱,折皱连接形成网状或不形成网状,表面具小刺状纹饰或光滑,小刺常排列在褶皱上及其周围,外壁表面光滑。

遗传物质含染色体12对(36条)。

常见的铁角蕨类植物

下属物种

本属包括以下物种:[2]

参考文献

  1. ^ 萬榮鄉原住民美味山蘇 餐桌上的綠翡翠 花蓮電子報. [2023-03-28]. (原始内容存档于2023-03-28). 
  2. ^ Asplenium L.. GBIF. [2023-03-16]. (原始内容存档于2023-04-07). 
  3. ^ Ke-Wang Xu, Chen-Xue Lin, Jian-Qiang Guo, Xin-Xin Zhou, Wen-Bo Liao and Ling-Feng Mao. 2022. Asplenium danxiaense sp. nov. (Aspleniaceae, Aspleniineae), A New Tetraploid Fern Species from Guangdong, China, based on Morphological and Molecular Data. European Journal of Taxonomy. 798(1); 162-173.
  4. ^ 青海发现铁角蕨属一新种:德令哈铁角蕨. NSII. [2023-03-16]. (原始内容存档于2023-03-16). 
  5. ^ Ke-Wang Xu, Yu-Tong Han, Yu-Ran Dong, Jian-Qiang Guo, Ling-Feng Mao and Wen-Bo Liao. 2024. Asplenium guodanum (Aspleniaceae), A distinct New fern Species from northern Guangdong, China, based on morphological data and molecular phylogeny. PhytoKeys. 241: 191-200. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.241.122789
  6. ^ Chen-Xue Lin, Guo-Liang Xu, Zhi-Fang Jin, Wen-Bo Liao and Ke-Wang Xu. 2022. Molecular, Chromosomal, and Morphological Evidence reveals A New Allotetraploid Fern Species of Asplenium (Aspleniaceae) from southern Jiangxi, China. PhytoKeys. 199: 113-127. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.199.81292
  7. ^ Razali Jaman, Imin Kamin and Ruth Kiew. 2017. Asplenium merapohense (Aspleniaceae), A New Species from the Peninsular Malaysia. PhytoKeys. 89; 85-90. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.89.20875
  8. ^ Zhi-Xiang Chang, Li-Yaung Kuo, Pi-Fong Lu and Yao-Moan Huang. 2020. New Addition to the Asplenium normale complex (Aspleniaceae): An Endemic forma in Taiwan. Taiwania. 65(2); .253-260. Taiwania.ntu.edu.tw/abstract.php?type=abstract&id=1681
  9. ^ Arthur Edward Salgado. 2021. Taxonomic and Nomenclatural Notes on Philippine Ferns. IV. Asplenium pahli (Polypodiales, Aspleniineae, Aspleniaceae), A New Species from Leyte, Philippines. Phytotaxa. 524(2); 71-84. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.524.2.1
  10. ^ Xu, Ke-Wang, Ngan Thi Lu, Zhou, Xin-Mao, et al. Asplenium quangbinhense sp. nov. and three new records of Asplenium (Aspleniaceae) from Vietnam[J]. PHYTOTAXA,2021,521(2):113-120.
  11. ^ Ke-Wang Xu, Liang Zhang, Ngan Thi Lu, and Li-Bing Zhang. 2018. Asplenium serratifolium (Aspleniaceae), A New Fern Species from Central Vietnam Based on Morphological and Molecular Evidence. American Fern Journal. 108(3); 65-75. DOI: 10.1640/0002-8444-108.3.65
{{bottomLinkPreText}} {{bottomLinkText}}
铁角蕨属
Listen to this article

This browser is not supported by Wikiwand :(
Wikiwand requires a browser with modern capabilities in order to provide you with the best reading experience.
Please download and use one of the following browsers:

This article was just edited, click to reload
This article has been deleted on Wikipedia (Why?)

Back to homepage

Please click Add in the dialog above
Please click Allow in the top-left corner,
then click Install Now in the dialog
Please click Open in the download dialog,
then click Install
Please click the "Downloads" icon in the Safari toolbar, open the first download in the list,
then click Install
{{::$root.activation.text}}

Install Wikiwand

Install on Chrome Install on Firefox
Don't forget to rate us

Tell your friends about Wikiwand!

Gmail Facebook Twitter Link

Enjoying Wikiwand?

Tell your friends and spread the love:
Share on Gmail Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Buffer

Our magic isn't perfect

You can help our automatic cover photo selection by reporting an unsuitable photo.

This photo is visually disturbing This photo is not a good choice

Thank you for helping!


Your input will affect cover photo selection, along with input from other users.

X

Get ready for Wikiwand 2.0 🎉! the new version arrives on September 1st! Don't want to wait?