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山梨酸

山梨酸
IUPAC名
(2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoic acid
(2E,4E)-2,4-已二烯酸
英文名 Sorbic acid
别名 清凉茶酸;2,4-己二烯酸;2-丙烯基丙烯酸
识别
CAS号 110-44-1  checkY
PubChem 643460
ChemSpider 558605
SMILES
 
  • O=C(O)\C=C\C=C\C
InChI
 
  • 1/C6H8O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6(7)8/h2-5H,1H3,(H,7,8)/b3-2+,5-4+
InChIKey WSWCOQWTEOXDQX-MQQKCMAXBN
ChEBI 38358
性质
化学式 C6H8O2
摩尔质量 112.13 g·mol−1
熔点 135 °C(408 K)
沸点 228 °C(501 K)
pKa 4.76 at 25 °C
危险性
NFPA 704
1
2
0
 
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

山梨酸(英语:Sorbic acid),又称花楸酸[1][2]清凉茶酸等,化学式为C6H8O2。它是一种天然存在的食品添加剂,对酵母霉菌等许多真菌都具有抑制作用。还用于动物饲料化妆品药品、包装材料和橡胶助剂等。

山梨酸的英文名来源于花楸的属名Sorbus,为此物质的最初来源。

合成

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丙二酸和巴豆醛[1]

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巴豆醛和丙二酸缩合、脱羧得到山梨酸,巴豆醛和丙二酸以吡啶为溶剂在90-100℃反应4-5小时,再加入稀硫酸使溶液呈弱酸性(pH值约为4-5)冷冻、过滤、结晶后得到粗品山梨酸。

乙烯酮和巴豆醛

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巴豆醛和乙烯酮缩合成聚酯,聚酯水解既得山梨酸,再经精制可得成品山梨酸。

丁二烯和乙酸

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以醋酸锰为催化剂,丁二烯和乙酸在170℃下加压缩合,生成γ-乙烯-γ-丁内酯;γ-乙烯-γ-丁内酯在酸性离子交换树脂作用下开环为山梨酸。

性质

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山梨酸为无色针状结晶体粉末,无臭或微带刺激性臭味,耐光,耐热性好,在140°C下加热3h无变化,长期暴露在空气中则被氧化而变色。山梨酸难溶于水,溶于乙醇、乙醚、丙二醇、无水乙醇、花生油、甘油和丙酮。

参考文献

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 韩, 长日. 精细化工工艺学. 北京: 中国石化出版社. 2015: 341. ISBN 9787511432377. 
  2. ^ 人民军医出版社-山梨酸药品说明书 (PDF). [2018-11-29]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2018-11-29). 
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山梨酸
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