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山上宗二.
山上宗二(1544年-1590年5月19日),桃山时代堺的富商及著名茶人,本姓石川。屋号萨摩、号瓢庵。其子为山上道七(伊势屋道七)。
经历
身为千利休的高徒,在其门下学习茶道达20年。丰臣秀吉延揽信长的三茶头千利休、津田宗及、今井宗久后,山上宗二等5人亦受封为“御茶头八人众”。
山上宗二对当时上层阶级发展出、徒有形式的接待茶道大力抨击,他曾说过“茶道并非为了茶道而生(茶道のための茶道ではない)”。更瞧不起为了出人头地而扭曲信念的茶人,其心直口快的性格马上激怒了秀吉。天正12年(1584年)成为浪人流落到前田利家处。天正14年(1586年)再次得罪秀吉,逃往高野山。天正16年(1588年)时完成著作‘山上宗二记’并流传各地。之后前往小田原城的北条家处仕官。
天正18年(1590年)秀吉发动小田原之战,做为北条家茶头的山上宗二秘会千利休,并透过利休向秀吉请罪,但晋见时维护有知遇之恩的北条家家老北条幻庵的行为再次触怒秀吉,最后遭到削去耳鼻后斩首,享年46。
利休在宗二死后十个月后的天正19年2月13日、同年2月28日亦被迫切腹。
评价
留下天正年间堺众的茶道史的重要史料‘山上宗二记’,以及著名的“一期一会”出处的‘茶汤者觉悟十体’,山上宗二在茶道界无疑占有重要地位。对于其师利休亦曾做出“山を谷、西を东と 茶汤の法度を破り、物を自由にす。但宗易(利休)一人の事は目闻なるに依て、何事も面白し。平人 宗易を其尽似たらは、邪道と云々。茶汤にては有间敷者也。”的尖锐批判。
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