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拔刀术.
拔刀术(日语:抜刀術/ばっとうじゅつ Battōjutsu),或居合术(日语:居合術/いあいじゅつ Iaijutsu),是日本剑术中一种瞬间拔刀伤敌的技巧;在居合道某些流派中,被称为“拔刀”。
冷兵器对战中一般来说面对敌人的时候要事先将刀从刀鞘中拔出,用来迎击敌人;而拔刀术与居合术正好相反,以刀不出鞘的姿态来对应敌人。至于拔刀术的原理,一般有以下几种解释:
- 一般错误的认为,日本刀和刀鞘具有一定弧度,而拔刀术是利用拔刀的这个弧度与刀鞘产生的摩擦力制造一种瞬间的爆发力,以便力求一刀致命;但这只会使刀鞘受损,并割伤练习者的手指。
- 古代日本一般访客时是跪坐的姿势(和式房间,当然不会备置椅子了)。而在这种姿势下:在不拔出刀的状态下,对方很难精确估计刀的长短,因而无法确定对方能否对自己构成威胁;而自己却完全清楚对方是否在自己的第一招的范围之内,因此一旦开战,我方可以提前把握战局,使第一招处于有利地位。一般武士练习的刀法都是站立打斗,而拔刀术练习跪坐姿态,在与对方谈话言语不和之时,可以在对方没有防备(或没有来得及防备)的状态下瞬间以跪坐姿态直接出招,旨在出其不备。
综合以上的各种情况可以看出拔刀术共有的特点就是强调一招致命。
日本现在一般通称的拔刀道与其联盟,大多都发展于第一次世界大战与第二次世界大战之时,是为一种军刀操练法,用以训练征召入伍的一般平民百姓。故而,其形式招法力求简单、易上手,其将试斩列为其练习的要点之一,因为主要是使用于战场之上。
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