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针头恐惧症

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针头恐惧(英语:trypanophobia或 needle phobia,俗称晕针)是指对有关抽血、注射或使用皮下针头的医疗程序的极度恐惧。由于有针头恐惧症的人通常会逃避医疗照顾,这种情况会在卫生保健系统中造成明显障碍。据统计,最少10%的美国人患有此症。[1]

针头恐惧症的病因在于由针刺引发的先天性血管迷走神经反射而造成晕厥。有这种反射的人,经常通过连续接触针头而学会了恐惧针头。因此,针头恐惧症既是先天的,也是后天习得的。

在诊所中,针头恐惧症可以通过安抚和教育、避免使用针头、体位和肌肉紧张技术、苯二氮卓类药物、一氧化二氮气体以及离子导入技术进行局部麻醉来控制。

锋刃恐惧(英语:aichmophobia)与 尖物恐惧(英语:belonephobia),则是类似针头恐惧,而对于刀具、尖物特别惧怕的一种心理病症,比如:菜刀、铅笔尖、圆规等。这个字是从希腊文belonē(针)和phobia(恐症)的合字。

患者对尖物有恐惧感,莫名出现的那种恐惧会给心理带来严重负担,而且这种恐惧也是不合常理的。简单来说,尖物恐惧症患者之所以对尖锐物体感到恐惧,不敢接触尖端物体,是由于害怕自己或别人会受到这些物体的伤害。物体恐怖症是指在某种特定环境下,对某些物体产生的一种异乎寻常的、强烈的紧张恐惧的内在体验。明知其心理及行为的不合理性和荒唐性,但一遇到相应的场合即反复出现异常体验和回避反应,难以自控,影响正常生活和工作。尖物恐惧症其实指患者对一些尖锐的物体感到无法控制的恐惧,这种恐惧显得不合常理缺乏理性。

参考

[编辑]
  1. ^ James Hamilton. Needle Phobia - A Neglected Diagnosis. Journal of Family Practice. August 1995, 41 (2): 169–175 REVIEW [2012-11-27]. PMID 7636457. (原始内容存档于2012-01-06). 
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针头恐惧症
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