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小眼

的单眼(图中央偏左的棕色物);两侧的网状构造则为复眼。

小眼(Ommatidia),是复眼的组成部分,是一个细小的独立感光组织,能够分辨光暗及颜色。

组成

图中蓝色的部分为角膜,黄色部分为晶体圆锥,两侧的黑色细胞及其向内的延长线是色素细胞,紫色的部分为感杆,由单个感觉细胞的感杆分体组成

一个小眼由以下部分组成:

  1. 角膜
  2. 晶体圆锥,
  3. 初级色素细胞、次级色素细胞和圆形排列的8个视网膜细胞(感觉细胞)。

其中角膜和晶体圆锥的作用相当于透镜。视网膜细胞带微绒毛的一侧(8个感觉细胞组成的圆形的圆心侧)称为感杆分体。它们共同组成感杆这个信号传递结构。

昆虫的小眼面一般呈六角形,它的数目、大小和形状在各种昆虫中变异很大,雄性介壳虫的复眼仅由数个圆形小眼组成。家蝇的复眼由4000个小眼组成,蝶、蛾类的复眼有28000个小眼。小眼面的大小,不但在不同种的昆虫中不同,而且同一个复眼中不同部位的小眼面也可不同,如雄性牛虻,复眼背面的小眼面较大;有些毛蚊(Biblio),其前后部的小眼面的大小也不同,可划分为两个区域。这些变化与它们的生活习性等有关。小眼并不是一个完整的单眼,而是一个结构比单眼简单的器官[1]

参考

  1. ^ 存档副本. [2008-03-14]. (原始内容存档于2005-05-03). 
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小眼
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