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小夜曲

小夜曲(法语:Serenade,德语:Nachtmusik)是一种源于爱情歌曲,一般南欧人在夏日夜晚,用吉他曼陀铃等简单的乐器伴奏,在恋人窗下唱的,以表达爱情,歌曲并没有固定的格式。后来成为一种在室外演奏的乐队形式,因为在室外演奏,常使用音量大的乐器,如各种号等。

小夜曲逐渐成为一种器乐曲形式,乐队一般比交响曲要更小型化。是一种欢快明朗,典雅质朴的如歌乐曲。海顿莫扎特等人都写过小夜曲,尤其是莫扎特一生写过大量的著名小夜曲。此外舒伯特的歌曲作品中,也有不少例子。[1]

辞源

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在法语当中,小夜曲乃指夜晚音乐,辞根来自夜晚(soir,即义语sera)。[1]

著名作品

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误用

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法语的Serenade经常与Serenata混淆,据定义后者为(一)田园风格,且舞台装设较为简要的清唱剧作品,或者(二)管弦乐或管乐的组曲作品,经常以一个进行曲乐章开始。前者的例子有韩德尔的《阿西斯与加拉蒂亚》(Acis and Galatea),后者则以莫扎特《哈夫纳》小夜曲(Haffner,目录第250号)为代表。[注 1][1]

注释

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  1. ^ 英语文献经常将这首作品称为Haffner Serenade,然而Serenata Haffner可能才是正确的作品名称。

参考文献

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参照
  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Scholes 1970,第943页。
专书

参见

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小夜曲
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