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射阳湖

射阳湖因古射阳城得名,汉时称射陂,是中华人民共和国江苏省北部里下河地区的一个淡水湖,位于宝应县东北,现有面积约8平方公里。

射阳湖是历史上苏北著名的大湖。古射阳湖大致位于宝应建湖盐城兴化之间。西起今宝应县射阳湖镇西安丰镇、太仓村一线,北至淮安市境内的泾口镇、左乡(博里镇东)一线,东经九龙口,至阜宁喻口村入海,南连大纵湖,地势低洼,湖荡连片。

历史

全新世中期,公元前4000年左右,由于里下河浅水海湾两侧的长江、古淮河挟带泥沙在此堆积成岸外沙堤,古潟湖逐渐形成。战国后,河水泥沙逐渐淤积,形成古射阳湖。漫长历史中,江淮间诸多支流注入淡水,古潟湖逐渐演变为淡水湖。

公元前486年,吴王夫差开通联通江淮的邗沟,“东北通射阳湖”。此后至北宋,射阳湖都是苏北平原上面积最大的湖泊。宋《太平寰宇记》记道:“射阳湖长三百里,阔三十里。”清《盐城县志》亦记载:“射阳湖所从来久远矣,湖最深且阔,能受诸州邑水,东走入海……”

1128年,黄河夺淮后带入大量泥沙,射阳湖群淤塞速度显著加快,湖面萎缩,演变成许多大小湖泊荡地,但射阳湖仍深且广。

1495年后,黄河淮河洪泽湖时常决堤,洪患不绝,洪水带着大量泥沙侵入。射阳湖渐淤,成为沼泽型湖泊。清末后,射阳湖区多数或淤为荡滩,或垦为农田。射阳湖成为长条状的河道型湖泊。

参考

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射阳湖
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