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封建法西斯主义

封建法西斯主义文化大革命结束后被中国共产党用来指代林彪四人帮文化大革命期间的意识形态和统治(也是中共形容袁世凯统治时期)。

起源

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撰写于1971年的《五七一工程纪要》宣称毛泽东治下的中国奉行社会法西斯主义和社会封建主义[1]

1978年召开的中央工作会议上,叶剑英最早将林彪、四人帮称为“封建法西斯分子”,他认为“林彪、四人帮以封建主义冒充社会主义,说是用社会主义反对资本主义,实际是用封建主义来反对社会主义。”获李维汉胡耀邦邓小平等人认同。[2]

概述

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在中国的改革开放时代,中国共产党用这个词来描述文化大革命的过度行为,认为它来自于个人行为者,比如四人帮,而不是整个党。[3] 在文化大革命结束后,共产党的官方解释是,林彪和四人帮代表了中国封建思想的残余,他们用法西斯主义的恐怖手段压制人民民主,被批评为封建法西斯主义的方法包括专制、仪式化的教条和军事镇压。[4] 它还提到,党与国之间普遍缺乏稳定的融合,这是由于滥用群众路线以及对以延安路径处理党内分歧缺乏关注。

一些持不同政见者认为,“封建法西斯主义”的开始早于文化大革命。[5]

参考文献

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  1. ^ 中共中央关于组织传达和讨论《粉碎林陈反党集团反革命政变的斗争(材料之二)》的通知及材料 中国文化大革命文库. web.archive.org. 2019-08-26 [2023-03-01]. (原始内容存档于2019-08-26). 
  2. ^ 胡德平. 重温叶剑英30年前讲话. 决策与信息. 2008, (12): 34-37. 
  3. ^ Yan, Sun. The Chinese Reassessment of Socialism, 1976-1992. Princeton University Press. 1995: 127–128. 
  4. ^ Lupher, Mark. Power Restructuring in China and the Soviet Union. Theory and Society. October 1992, 21: 665–701. doi:10.1007/bf00993494. 
  5. ^ Schell, Orville. Discos and Democracy: China in the Throes of Reform. Random House. 1989: 270–271. 
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封建法西斯主义
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