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对日照

智利甚大望远镜旁拍摄的黄道,可见照片中的对日照由顶部从左至右闪耀着

对日照(德语:Gegenschein德语发音:[ˈɡeːɡənʃaɪn],意为“反向的光”)是在夜晚的反日点出现的微弱光斑。它表现为沿着黄道带方向的微弱卵形光斑,约有几度宽,10-15°长。它非常暗淡,如果夜晚有月光或靠近银河,就观察不到了。

说明

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黄道光一样,对日照是阳光被行星际尘埃后向散射造成的现象。这些尘埃大多数都在黄道平面上环绕着,并且在地日系统的L2拉格朗日点- 有比较高的浓度[1]

它与黄道光的区别在这些尘埃粒子以高角度反射入射的阳光。当尘埃粒子在满月相位时,日照强度会相对的提高[2],使它在背向太阳的黄道带上形成微亮、椭圆形的辉光。

历史

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对日照是法国耶稣会的天文学家和教授Esprit Pezenas(法文)(1692-1776)在1730年首先发现的[3];德国的探险家亚历山大·冯·洪堡在1799年至1803年在南美探险时做了进一步的观测[3]。洪堡也会这种现象起了个德国名字:Gegenschein[3]

丹麦天文学家Theodor Brorsen在1854年发表对日照的第一次彻底调查[来源请求]

在现代社会,由于光污染的缘故,在人类居住的地区几乎完全都看不见对日照。

相关条目

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  • 行星际尘云
  • 地影
  • 草露宝光
  • 西瓦塞恩(Sylvanshine):一种光学现象,是被露水打湿的树叶复归反射的光束,例如车头灯。
  • 柯迪莱夫斯基云(Kordylewski cloud)
  • 冲日浪(Opposition surge):当光源来自观测者背后时,来自粗糙表面或有许多颗粒物体的亮光。

参考资料

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  1. ^ Kopal, Zdeněk. Communications on the Moon. New Scientist. June 14, 1962, (291): 573. 
  2. ^ Levasseur-Regourd, Anny-Chantal; Hiroichi Hasegawa. Origin and Evolution of Interplanetary Dust. International Astronomical Union Colloquium. 1991: 159. ISBN 0-7923-1365-8. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Sheehan, William. The immortal fire within: the life and work of Edward Emerson Barnard. Cambridge University Press. 1995: 69–70. ISBN 0-521-44489-6. 

外部链接

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Chisholm, Hugh (编). Gegenschein. Encyclopædia Britannica (第11版). London: Cambridge University Press. 1911. 

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对日照
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