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宝箧印式塔

宝箧印塔的构造(英文)(日语)

宝箧印式塔(英语:Hōkyōintō,译自日语“宝篋印塔ほうきょういんとう”)也叫宝箧印塔金涂塔阿育王塔,是一类实心。佛经中“宝箧印”全名“宝箧印陀罗尼”,指宝箧印真言咒,供奉它的塔就是宝箧印塔。

概论

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宝箧印式塔造型平面四方,由塔基、塔身、塔檐与塔刹四部分组成,其中塔檐多在塔身上四角向上翻挑,形象地被称为“山花蕉叶”。这种形制是由古印度的“窣堵坡”发展而来,由印度人传入尼泊尔再传入中国,并在东亚东南亚也有所发展。

宝箧印式塔的用途最早用以供奉宝箧印陀罗尼及《宝箧印陀罗尼经》,或可供奉佛舍利,因经上说将本经书或陀罗尼咒置于塔中,此塔就是九十九百千万俱胝如来窣堵坡,为一切如来所加持护佑。后来逐渐成为一种纪念性的结构,在藏传佛教中还有小型宝箧印塔,可供于佛龛前,造型大者则可作为寺庙中的浮图塔

中国,宝箧印式塔在三国时代就开始建造,北魏云冈石窟、隋唐时南响山石窟、敦煌是壁画中,都有这种塔的造型。五代时期,因吴越国王钱弘俶仿阿育王造塔八万四千,使宝箧印式塔有了广泛的发展,也保存下大量遗迹,有的甚至在那时就流传到了日本。以后各代也建造了大量的宝箧印式塔。在中国分布在长江以南,北方很少见。

宝箧印式塔举例

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宝箧印式塔
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