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寒浇

寒浇(?—?),一作ào,名,因曾被封于,又称“过浇”。夏朝东夷伯明氏人,父寒浞有穷氏首领后羿宰相

天子太康死后,夏朝的王位经过仲康,后羿取代后,沈迷饮酒畋猎,寒浞发动兵变,杀后羿,自立为王,封子寒浇于过(今山东省莱州市西北)。[1]

相死后,他的一家被浇追杀,几经劫难,只有儿子少康一人逃至有虞氏处(今河南省虞城东北)。有虞氏是原始社会末期中原地区部落首领的后裔,首领虞思不忍大禹绝后,便任命少康为庖正(厨官),封于纶(今河南省虞城县东南),并将两个女儿嫁给少康。少康积极聚集力量,有一支五百人的军队,准备复国。他布施尽惠,施展才华,收笼夏朝遗民,安抚夏朝遗臣。

在有鬲氏(今山东省德州市东南)的夏朝遗臣集结斟灌氏斟寻氏二国遗民之力,灭寒浞而立少康为王。[2]少康派女间谍女艾前往寒浇的封地秘密进行侦察,分化瓦解浇的势力,刺探情报。[3]后来借由打猎的机会,放出猎犬咬死了浇。[4]少康亲率有虞氏大军突然进攻有过氏,有虞氏军一举攻灭有过氏军,为复国打下了基础。

寒浇为人力大,颇善水性,强于水战,甚至能陆地行舟[5],故被后世尊为水仙尊王之一。

参考资料

  1. ^ 左传·襄公四年》云:“寒浞,伯明氏之谗子弟也,伯明后寒弃之,夷羿收之,信而使之,以为己相。浞行媚于内,而施赂于外……以取其国家……浞因羿室,生浇及豷,恃其谗慝诈伪而不德于民,使浇用师,灭斟灌及斟寻氏,处浇于过,处豷于戈。”
  2. ^ 左传·襄公四年》云:“靡自有鬲氏收二国之烬以灭浞而立少康。少康灭浇于过,后杼灭豷于戈,有穷由是遂亡,失人故也。”
  3. ^ 左传·哀公元年》:“有田一成,有众一旅,能布其德而兆其谋,以收夏众,抚其官职。使女艾谍浇,使季杼诱豷,遂灭过、戈,复禹之绩。”
  4. ^ 楚辞·天问》有:“惟浇在户,何求于嫂(寡嫂,即女岐),何少康逐犬,而颠陨其首?女歧缝裳,而馆同(通奸)爰止。何颠易厥首(女岐的脑袋),而亲以逢殆(浇身死)?”
  5. ^ 《论语·宪问》:羿善射,奡荡舟。
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寒浇
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