For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for 宫女.

宫女

唐代永泰公主墓室壁画宫女

宫女,也称宫人,狭义上指君主、其家庭的女仆侍女,广义上指君主后宫包括妃嫔的所有女性,较为高级的宫女则称为女官。在不同的国家、朝代,宫女主要的职能是为君主、其家庭的做杂役,为皇家提供音乐舞蹈等娱乐。在君主专制政体中,宫女被视为君主的准妾室。宫女被君主临幸后,一般会进行册封,获得妃嫔位号。中国历史上,亦有宫女被皇帝临幸后,虽被视为皇帝的妾室,但未受册封为妃嫔的例子,如明朝的戴银娘胡氏等人。有些更没有妾室地位,只维持宫中仆役身份。宫女的来源可能是强制,如奴隶、战俘、罪犯之眷属、宫女才选。也有一些情况下是自愿的,如明代宣宗起秀女多选幼女,养之教之,以礼教阴礼御婢。

中国

年华老去的宫女,可以退宫。帝王登基时,往往都会把宫人放出民间。在唐代,有些宫女退宫后会进入道观修道。[1] 明代洪武朝即欲规范退宫制度,洪武廿二年曾下诰敕令其外有家者,或五载或六载,归其父母,听从婚嫁。除新帝登基,常以灾异大放宫女,若太长未放宫女,儒臣必以阴阳之理规劝皇帝,以阴气怨气不滞留宫中,加上紫禁城空间最多就容纳不到3000宫女,放年长宫女进年轻的宫女,少有皇帝不允的。

朝鲜

李氏朝鲜每年从两班中人常民白丁阶层的女孩中挑选宫女。入宫后为见习的小宫女,小宫女通过考试后成为正式的宫女,称为内人;由于有可能被王上看中而成为他的女人,故入宫时要鉴明仍是处子之身。资深宫女通过考核可升为尚宫。最高为提调尚宫,掌管一座宫殿的事务。宫女在年老体衰的时候,或者主人去世守丧3年后可以退宫。退宫的宫女亦不得婚嫁,故此除了成为王上的妃嫔,等于要终身守贞。

在朝鲜王朝实录中,可能为了称呼方便,广义的将嫔妃与宫女都称为宫人。

土耳其

奥斯曼帝国的宫女来源为女奴或自愿。宫女一般是在后宫做杂役,通常由太后管辖。非常美丽或有才艺的宫女,可能会被训练之后引见给苏丹,得到苏丹宠幸后,有机会升为嫔妃

参考资料

  1. ^ 李丰楙:《忧与游:六朝隋唐游仙诗论集》(台北:台湾学生书局,1996),页325。

延伸阅读

[在维基数据]

维基文库中的相关文本:钦定古今图书集成·明伦汇编·宫闱典·宫女部》,出自陈梦雷古今图书集成
{{bottomLinkPreText}} {{bottomLinkText}}
宫女
Listen to this article

This browser is not supported by Wikiwand :(
Wikiwand requires a browser with modern capabilities in order to provide you with the best reading experience.
Please download and use one of the following browsers:

This article was just edited, click to reload
This article has been deleted on Wikipedia (Why?)

Back to homepage

Please click Add in the dialog above
Please click Allow in the top-left corner,
then click Install Now in the dialog
Please click Open in the download dialog,
then click Install
Please click the "Downloads" icon in the Safari toolbar, open the first download in the list,
then click Install
{{::$root.activation.text}}

Install Wikiwand

Install on Chrome Install on Firefox
Don't forget to rate us

Tell your friends about Wikiwand!

Gmail Facebook Twitter Link

Enjoying Wikiwand?

Tell your friends and spread the love:
Share on Gmail Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Buffer

Our magic isn't perfect

You can help our automatic cover photo selection by reporting an unsuitable photo.

This photo is visually disturbing This photo is not a good choice

Thank you for helping!


Your input will affect cover photo selection, along with input from other users.

X

Get ready for Wikiwand 2.0 🎉! the new version arrives on September 1st! Don't want to wait?