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子宫切除术

子宫切除术
完全的子宫切除术
专科妇科学
ICD-9-CM68.9
MeSHD007044
MedlinePlus002915

子宫切除术(hysterectomy)指的通常是由妇产科医生进行的切除子宫手术。它可分为整个(包括整个子宫和子宫颈)或部分切除。在普遍的情况下,切除卵巢需要与切除子宫手术同时进行。

妇科医生根据患者的病情可以选择完全切除(切除子宫主体、宫颈和宫底),亦可以选择部分切除(切除子宫主体,保留宫颈)。这两种是妇科外科手术中最常用的方式。2003年,美国境内的子宫切除术次数总共约为60万,其中超过90%患者的病情处于可控状态就进行了子宫切除[1]。在现代社会出现如此高的手术率,逐渐地引发了对这种手术的种种争论,也不由地使人担忧这种过高的手术率所导致的后果,因为其中很大一部分是没有必要手术的[2]

切除子宫会导致患者术后再无法怀孕(移除卵巢也有同样的后果),也会面临手术风险及术后长期副作用,所以现在的医疗机构在患者病情急转直下、别无他法的情况下才会建议患者进行子宫切除术,否则一般会选择其他的非手术疗法来治疗[3]

医疗用途

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子宫切除术示意图
切除之前的子宫

子宫切除术作为一种外科手术,风险与益处并存,同时日后也会深远影响患者体内的荷尔蒙(激素)水平,以及身体整体的健康状况。因此,除非是病情恶化到不得不进行切除手术的时刻,医生一般不会建议患者进行手术。选择进行手术的情况包括但不限于:

同时,很多女性也向医疗机构提出自愿的子宫切除术申请,即并不是完全为了治疗妇科或生殖系统疾病而进行的切除术。提出自愿手术的理由包括:

  • 对可能出现的生殖系统病变或癌症进行预防,尤其是家族中有过妇科病或癌症病史的,可能会有遗传(如乳腺癌等)。
  • 变性手术(由女性转变为男性),需切除子宫以完成性别的转变。
  • 不想生育。

患病潜在因素

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饮食

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美国医学学术期刊《The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition》指出,有大量数据表明,非素食女性比坚持素食主义的女性患病率要更高,并且建议人们多吃植物类食物(素菜水果)可以一定程度上削减患病的几率[6]

参考资料

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  1. ^ Wu JM, Wechter ME, Geller EJ, Nguyen TV, Visco AG. Hysterectomy rates in the United States, 2003. Obstet Gynecol. 2007, 110 (5): 1091–5. PMID 17978124. doi:10.1097/01.AOG.0000285997.38553.4b. 
  2. ^ Masters, Coco. Are Hysterectomies Too Common?. TIME Magazine. 2006-07-01 [2007-07-17]. (原始内容存档于2013-07-08). 
  3. ^ Bahamondes L, Bahamondes MV, Monteiro I. Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system: uses and controversies. Expert Review of Medical Devices. 2008, 5 (4): 437–445. PMID 18573044. doi:10.1586/17434440.5.4.437. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 The National Women's Health Information Center. Hysterectomy Frequently Asked Questions. Washington, DC: Office of Women's Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services. 2009-12-15 [2011-03-10]. (原始内容存档于2011-03-05). 
  5. ^ Charlie C. Kilpatrick. 子宫和顶端脱垂 - 妇产科学 - MSD诊疗手册专业版. MSD诊疗手册专业版. Merck & Co, Inc., Rahway, NJ,USA ; 默沙东(中国)投资有限公司. 2019.4 [2022-10-05]. (原始内容存档于2022-10-03) (中文(中国大陆)). 
  6. ^ Knutsen, S. F. Lifestyle and the use of health services.. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1994-05-01, 59 (5): 1171S–1175S. ISSN 0002-9165. PMID 8172119 (英语). 
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子宫切除术
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